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(Part 3), 26, (Part 4), 225; VI: Ala. Narr., 49–50, 89, 99, 144, 225, 331, 373, 420; VII: Okla. Narr., 106; XIV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 419; Jacob Stroyer, “My Life in the South,” in Katz (ed.), Five Slave Narratives, 36; Washington, Up from Slavery, 19; Elizabeth W. Allston Pringle, Chronicles of Chicora Wood (New York, 1922), 221–24, 227–28; The Diary of Dolly Lunt Burge (ed. James I. Robertson; Athens, Ga., 1962), 91–92, 100; Matthew Page Andrews (ed.), The Women of the South in War Times (Baltimore, 1920), 237–38; Chesnut, Diary from Dixie, 475; and Katharine M. Jones (ed.), When Sherman Came: Southern Women and the “GreatMarch”(Indianapolis, 1964), 116, 252.

12. When the World Ended: The Diary of Emma LeConte (ed. Earl S. Miers; New York, 1957), 31, 41; Wiley, Southern Negroes, 71; Jervey and Ravenel, Two Diaries, 10; Pringle, Chronicles of Chicora Wood, 234; Mrs. Mary Jones to Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr., May 19, 1863, in Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1062.

13. Chesnut, Diary from Dixie, 306; Jones (ed.), Heroines of Dixie, 232; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IV: Texas Narr. (Part 2), 241.

14. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, II: S.C. Narr. (Part 1), 247, (Part 2), 20, 157; Stone, Brokenburn, 198, 203; Wise, End of an Era, 208, 210. See also Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 885–86.

15. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, X: Ark. Narr. (Part 5), 136; Black Republican (New Orleans), May 20, 1865. For different versions and some recollections of the song, see White (ed.), North Carolina Folklore, II, 541–43, and Rawick (ed.), American Slave, II: S.C. Narr. (Part 2), 197; IV: Texas Narr. (Part 2), 28–29; XVIII: Unwritten History, 232.

16. Douglass’ Monthly, IV (Jan. 1862), 580.

17. Stone, Brokenburn, 168–69; Nevins, War for the Union: The Organized War, 1863–1864, 417.

18. Towne, Letters and Diary, 27–29, 94–95; Rose, Rehearsal for Reconstruction, 17, 104–05, 108–09; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, III: S.C. Narr. (Part 3), 203. See also Forten, Journal, 144; New York Times, Dec. 1, 1861; Ruffin, Diary, II, 173; Isabella Middleton Leland (ed.), “Middleton Correspondence, 1861–1865,” South Carolina Historical Magazine, LXIII (1962), 38.

19. P. L. Rainwater (ed.), “Letters of James Lusk Alcorn,” Journal of Southern History, III (1937), 200–01; Ravenel, Private Journal, 210–11, 212.

20. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XV: N.C. Narr. (Part 2), 200; VI: Ala. Narr., 420; XVII: Fla. Narr., 45; XIII: Ga. Narr. (Part 4), 145; New York Times, May 10, 1864; Haviland, A Woman’s Life-Work, 274.

21. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVIII: Unwritten History, 253; IV: Texas Narr. (Part 1), 279–80; XIV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 157. For a Unionist planter who freed his slaves and offered to pay them for their labor, as the Yankee troops approached, see Haviland, A Woman’s Life-Work, 315–16.

22. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 275–77, 281. For a similar story, see III: S.C. Narr. (Part 4), 26–27.

23. Haviland, A Woman’s Life-Work, 274; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, II: S.C. Narr. (Part 2), 329.

24. Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, entry for March 31, 1865, Univ. of South Carolina.

25. John Houston Bills, Ms. Diary, entry for July 11, 1864, Univ. of North Carolina; Sarah Morgan Dawson, A Confederate Girl’s Diary (Boston, 1913), 277–78.

26. Andrews, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 127–28, 355.

27. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVII: Fla. Narr., 161–62. The song is also recalled in XVIII: Unwritten History, 32.

28. Ibid., XIV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 24–25.

29. Botume, First Days Amongst the Contrabands, 13. For comparable experiences, see Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, 173–74; New York Times, April 16, June 19, 1863; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, III: S.C. Narr. (Part 3), 28.

30. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, II: S.C. Narr. (Part 2), 236, 335; VII: Miss. Narr., 131; XV: N.C. Narr. (Part 2), 428; New York Times, June 19, 1863.

31. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XIV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 178; XVIII: Unwritten History, 198; III: S.C. Narr. (Part 4), 23–24; Hitchcock, Marching with Sherman, 84; Fremantle, Three Months in the