Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [433]
42. Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, entry for March 4, 1865, Univ. of South Carolina; Pringle, Chronicles of Chicora Wood, 233; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, II: S.C. Narr. (Part 1), 77; James W. Silver (ed.), Mississippi in the Confederacy: As Seen in Retrospect (Baton Rouge, 1961), 266. See also Burge, Diary, 102; Smedes, Memorials of a Southern Planter, 198; LeConte, When the World Ended, 51; Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1233, 1240; Jones (ed.), When Sherman Came, 7–8, 58, 232; Swint (ed.), Dear Ones at Home, 160; Chesnut, Diary from Dixie, 539; Macrae, Americans at Home, 259; New York Times, Dec. 27, 1864; Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 455; Perdue et al. (eds.), Weevils in the Wheat, 121; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 37; VII: Miss. Narr., 64; VIII: Ark. Narr. (Part 2), 10; XIV and XV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 256, (Part 2), 75.
43. Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, entry for March 4, 1863, Univ. of South Carolina; Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1237.
44. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IX and XI: Ark. Narr. (Part 3), 21, (Part 7), 240.
45. Wiley, Life of Billy Yank, 40–41.
46. Bryant (ed.), “A Yankee Soldier Looks at the Negro,” 136; Wiley, Life of Billy Yank, 112–13.
47. New York Times, Nov. 14, 1861 (reprinted without comment in Douglass’ Monthly, IV [Dec. 1861], 566); Rose, Rehearsal for Reconstruction, 64–65.
48. Nordhoff, Freedmen of South Carolina, 24–25; Johns, Life with the Forty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers, 165, 138.
49. Johns, Life with the Forty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers, 140, 164–65. See also Hepworth, Whip, Hoe, and Sword, 159–60, 163–64.
50. Wiley, Life of Billy Yank, 109; Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 89. See also Bryant (ed.), “A Yankee Soldier Looks at the Negro,” 134–35; Rev. Joel Grant to Prof. Henry Cowles, April 10, 1863, American Missionary Assn. Archives; Wiley, Life of Billy Yank, 42, 43, 112, 281.
51. Wiley, Life of Billy Yank, 109, 111–12; Henry A. Anderson to Miss Salina Saltsgiver, May 24, 1863, Henry Anderson Papers, Louisiana State Univ.
52. Wiley, Life of Billy Yank, 119; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XIV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 96, 251; II: S.C. Narr. (Part 1), 105; Bryant (ed.), “A Yankee Soldier Looks at the Negro,” 138–39. See also Facts Concerning the Freedmen (Boston: The Emancipation League, 1863), 9; John Oliver to Rev. S. S. Jocelyn, Aug. 5, 1862; C. P. Day to W. E. Whiting, Aug. 22, 1862; Rev. Joel Grant to Prof. Henry Cowles, April 10, 1863; Isaac S. Hubbs to Rev. S. S. Jocelyn and George Whipple, Jan. 8, 1864; A. O. Howell, Jan. 19, Feb. 6, 1864, American Missionary Assn. Archives; Christian Recorder, June 10, July 8, 1865; New York Times, Jan. 25, Feb. 5, July 20, 1863; Beatty, Citizen-Soldier, 132; John Beatty, Memoirs of a Volunteer, 1861–1863 (ed. Harvey S. Ford; New York, 1946), 115; George F. Noyes, The Bivouac and the Battlefield (New York, 1863), 44; Winters, Civil War in Louisiana, 175–76. For native white views of Yankee mistreatment of slaves, see, e.g., Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1244, and Andrews, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 287, 331–32.
53. Wiley, Life of Billy Yank, 114–15, 118; Myrta Lockett Avary, Dixie after the War (New York, 1906), 187; New York Times, Dec. 11, 1863.
54. Johns, Life with the Forty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers, 139; Christian Recorder, Aug. 6, 1864; New York Times, Oct. 3, 1862; Wiley, Life of Billy Yank, 117; Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, entry for Aug. 14, 1865, Univ. of South Carolina; South Carolina Leader (Charleston), Nov. 25, 1865.
55. Wiley, Life of Billy Yank, 114; George Whipple to Rev. S. S. Jocelyn, Aug. 1, 1862, American Missionary Assn. Archives; Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1230; Nevins, War for the Union: The Organized War, 1863–1864, 31; Perdue et al. (eds.), Weevils in the Wheat, 121; McPherson, Negro’s Civil War, 113.
56. Swint (ed.), Dear Ones at Home, 169, 61. For similar examples of black