Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [444]
7. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 165–67.
8. Eppes, Negro of the Old South, 143, 133; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, II: S.C. Narr. (Part 2), 329; William W. Ball, The State That Forgot: South Carolina’s Surrender to Democracy (Indianapolis, 1932), 129.
9. WPA, Negro in Virginia, 212; Pearson (ed.), Letters from Port Royal, 181; H. G. Spaulding, “Under the Palmetto,” as reprinted in Bruce Jackson (ed.), The Negro and His Folklore in Nineteenth-Century Periodicals (Austin, 1967), 71; Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, 218; Waterbury, Seven Years Among the Freedmen, 76.
10. Nevins, War for the Union: The Organized War, 1863–1864, 414; New York Times, Nov. 12, 1865; Richardson, Negro in the Reconstruction of Florida, 10–11; Grace B. Elmore, Ms. Diary, entry for May 24, 1865, Univ. of North Carolina.
11. Reid, After the War, 370; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VIII: Ark. Narr. (Part 1), 170; Williamson, After Slavery, 8; New York Times, Oct. 13, 1862. For similar expressions, see National Freedman, II (Jan. 15, 1866), 22; Miss Emma B. Eveleth to Rev. Samuel Hunt, May 2, 1866, American Missionary Assn. Archives; Perdue et al. (eds.), Weevils in the Wheat, 44.
12. H. R. Brinkerhoff to Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard, July 8, 1865, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, Mississippi (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XIV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 286–89.
13. Reid, After the War, 419–20; Taylor, Negro in the Reconstruction of Virginia, 82. See also Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVIII: Unwritten Historv. 267.
14. Forten, Journal, 139; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 209.
15. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IX: Ark. Narr. (Part 3), 78; Chesnut, Diary from Dixie, 532.
16. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, V: Texas Narr. (Part 3), 153.
17. Ibid., XIV and XV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 76, (Part 2), 351; VII: Okla. Narr., 51. See also National Freedman, II (Jan. 15, 1866), 23.
18. Haviland, A Woman’s Life-Work, 468; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVIII: Unwritten History, 274; Swint (ed.), Dear Ones at Home, 99. See also Haviland, A Woman’s Life-Work, 266–67.
19. 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Senate Exec. Doc. 27, Reports of the Assistant Commissioners of the Freedmen’s Bureau made since December 1, 1865, 151; 38 Cong., 1 Sess., Senate Exec. Doc. 53, Preliminary Report Touching the Condition and Management of Emancipated Refugees, Made to the Secretary of War by the American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, June 30, 1863 (Washington, D.C., 1864), 3–4; De Forest, Union Officer in the Reconstruction, 36; Dennett, The South As It Is, 130. See also National Freedman, I (Sept. 15, 1865), 255–56, III (July 1869), 20; New York Tribune, Dec. 2, 1865.
20. Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll, 451; Herbert G. Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750–1925 (New York, 1976), 264–65.
21. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IX: Ark. Narr. (Part 4), 183; Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 593; Perdue et al. (eds.), Weevils in the Wheat, 264–65; National Anti-Slavery Standard, Aug. 19, 1865, as quoted in Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 144n.
22. Botume, First Days Amongst the Contrabands, 163–64. See also Reid, After the War, 220–21.
23. Waterbury, Seven Years Among the Freedmen, 74–75, 76.
24. Colored Tennessean, Aug. 12, Oct. 14, 1865. For other examples, see Christian Recorder, April 13, 1863; Black Republican, April 15, 22, 29, May 13, 20, 1865; Colored American (Augusta, Ga.), Dec. 30, 1865, Jan. 13, 1866; Colored Tennessean, March 24, 31, 1866; Tennessean, July 18, 1866; New Era (Washington, D.C.), July 28, 1870.
25. Swint (ed.), Dear Ones at Home, 242–43. See also ibid., 56–57, and Botume, First Days Amongst the Contrabands, 154–56.
26. New York Times, Sept. 8, 1865; Fanny Smart to Adam Smart, Feb. 13, 1866, filed with the Records of the Assistant Commissioners, Mississippi (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau.
27. Albert, House of Bondage, 102–17.
28. Rawick (ed.),