Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [443]
85. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, X: Ark. Narr. (Part 6), 65–66. See also XIII: Ga. Narr. (Part 4), 170; XIV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 335; WPA, Negro in Virginia, 209.
86. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VIII: Ark. Narr. (Part 2), 50; XIV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 145.
87. Ibid., V: Texas Narr. (Part 4), 109; VI: Ala. Narr., 381; III: S.C. Narr. (Part 3), 141. See also II: S.C. Narr. (Part 2), 340, and V: Texas Narr. (Part 3), 16.
88. Ibid., II: S.C. Narr. (Part 1), 142; Andrews (ed.), Women of the South in War Times, 192–93; Eppes, Negro of the Old South, 119. For other examples, see Rawick (ed.), American Slave, V: Texas Narr. (Part 4), 144–46: VI: Ala. Narr., 219; VIII: Ark. Narr. (Part 1), 65, 147, (Part 2), 75–76; XIII: Ga. Narr. (Part 4), 347.
89. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IV: Texas Narr. (Part 2), 78; III: S.C. Narr. (Part 4), 119; Armstrong, Old Massa’s People, 315; Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 492.
90. Avary, Dixie after the War, 183; Caroline R. Ravenel to D. E. Huger Smith, July 26 [1865], in D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 225. For similar sentiments, see Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VIII: Ark. Narr. (Part 2), 76, and Pringle, Chronicles of Chicora Wood, 283–84.
91. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVIII: Unwritten History, 202; IV: Texas Narr. (Part 1), 234; Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll, 29–30. For a classic example of such testimony, see Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 71–72.
92. W. L. DeRosset to Louis Henry DeRosset, June 20, 1866, DeRosset Family Papers, Univ. of North Carolina.
93. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IV: Texas Narr. (Part 1), 200, (Part 2), 133; Washington, Up from Slavery, 21. For other examples, see Heyward, Seed from Madagascar, 129; WPA, Negro in Virginia, 211; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, III: S.C. Narr. (Part 3), 178; IV and V: Texas Narr. (Part 1), 241, (Part 2), 211, (Part 3), 257, (Part 4), 82, 172–73; VII: Okla. Narr., 133; VIII: Ark. Narr. (Part 1), 9, 38, (Part 2), 153; XII and XIII: Ga. Narr. (Part 1), 50, 181–82, 271, (Part 4), 112; Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 661.
94. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IV: Texas Narr. (Part 2), 133; XVII: Fla. Narr., 160–61; WPA, Negro in Virginia, 211.
95. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 301; Wiley, Southern Negroes, 22; WPA, Negro in Virginia, 209–10.
96. New York Tribune, April 6, 1865; New York Times, Jan. 17, 1864.
97. Grace B. Elmore, Ms. Diary, entry for May 30, 1865, Univ. of North Carolina; Josiah Gorgas, Ms. Journal, entry for June 15, 1865, Univ. of North Carolina; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 133.
98. Grace B. Elmore, Ms. Diary, entry for May 30, 1865, Univ. of North Carolina; D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 192; Williamson, After Slavery, 37.
99. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 151. See also IV: Texas Narr. (Part 1), 277.
100. “Narrative of William Wells Brown,” in Osofsky (ed.), Puttin’ On Ole Massa, 220; “Extracts from Letters from Mississippi,” in American Freedman, III (July 1869), 20.
101. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 29.
Chapter Five: How Free Is Free?
1. William Francis Allen, Charles Pickard Ware, and Lucy McKim Garrison (eds.), Slave Songs of the United States (New York, 1867; repr. 1965), 94; Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, 218.
2. Andrews, The South since the War, 188.
3. Eppes, Negro of the Old South, 121–22, 130, 138–39.
4. Trowbridge, The South, 68; Avary, Dixie after the War, 190. For the same imagery, see also Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VIII: Ark. Narr. (Part 1), 227.
5. Coulter, “Slavery and Freedom in Athens, Georgia, 1860–66,” in Miller and Genovese (eds.), Plantation, Town, and County, 360; Cincinnati Enquirer, as quoted in Cleveland Leader, May 22, 1865.
6. Avary, Dixie after the War, 193. For an ex-slave who thought staying with her