Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [452]
139. Andrews, The South since the War, 189; Dennett, The South As It Is, 75. See also Dennett, The South As It Is, 111, 157, 168, 181; New York Times, Sept. 10, Oct. 1, 1865; Wharton, Negro in Mississippi, 134–35.
140. Dennett, The South As It Is, 54, 132.
141. Convention of the Freedmen of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1865), 5; Thomas W. Knox, Camp-fire and Cotton Field: Southern Adventure in Time of War (New York, 1865), 337. For examples of black jurymen, see Colored American, Dec. 30, 1865; New Orleans Tribune, July 4, 1867; New York Times, Aug. 25, 30, Sept. 1, Oct. 20, 1867; Williamson, After Slavery, 329; Wharton, Negro in Mississippi, 137.
142. William V. Turner to Gen. Wager Swayne, Nov. 17, 1865, and Prince Murell et al. to Gen. Wager Swayne, Dec. 17, 1865, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, Alabama (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau; New Orleans Tribune, Nov. 11, Dec. 27, 1865, Sept. 2, 1866; Christian Recorder, Sept. 22, 1866. For protests of police abuses, see also C. P. Head et al., Vicksburg, to Brig. Gen. Samuel Thomas, April 17, 1866, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, Mississippi (Letters Received); New Orleans Tribune, May 10, 1865; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, Part II, 185. For examples of black police, see New Orleans Tribune, June 4, 6, 11, July 3, 1867; New York Times, Aug. 3, 10, Oct. 28, 1867. On the need for black police, see New Orleans Tribune, May 10, 1867.
143. Loyal Georgian, Feb. 24, 1866; New Orleans Tribune, July 14, 1865.
144. Swint (ed.), Dear Ones at Home, 169; New Orleans Tribune, March 22, June 7, July 18, 26, Aug. 31, 1865, Aug. 31, Sept. 1, 1866.
145. William Johnson to his parents, July 12, 1867, Main File, Henry E. Huntington Library; Letter from L. J. Leavy, July 4, 1866, Freedmen’s Bureau, Georgia (Registers of Letters Received); New York Times, April 2, 1866; “Report of the Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, November 1, 1866,” in Report of the Secretary of War (Washington, D.C., 1867), Appendix, 733; Rev. Horace James, Annual Report of the Superintendent of Negro Affairs in North Carolina, 1864 … (Boston, n.d.), 21. See also New York Times, May 27, July 1, 1866.
146. James McMahon, City Clerk, Columbia, to Col. Mansfield, May 29, 1866; Col. Mansfield to Col. H. W. Smith, May 30, 1866; Letter from “a colored woman,” May 16, 1866, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, South Carolina (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau.
Chapter Six: The Feel of Freedom: Moving About
1. Eppes, Negro of the Old South, 134.
2. Perdue et al. (eds.), Weevils in the Wheat, 213.
3. Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1292–93.
4. Ella Gertrude (Clanton) Thomas, Ms. Journal, entries for Dec. 12, 1864, May 7 to Oct. 9, 1865, Sept. 17, 1866, Duke Univ.
5. A. R. Salley to “My Dear Aunt,” Nov. 13, 1865, Bruce, Jones, Murchison Papers, Univ. of South Carolina.
6. Eppes, Negro of the Old South, 134.
7. Dr. Ethelred Philips to Dr. James J. Philips, Jan. 21, 1866, James J. Philips Collection, Univ. of North Carolina; Ball, The State That Forgot, 128; Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, entry for June 15, 1865, Univ. of South Carolina. For freed slaves who equated departure with freedom, see also Duncan McLaurin to Gov. E. Hawley, May 23, 1866, McLaurin Papers, Duke Univ.; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, Part II, 99, 187, Part III, 118, 173; National Freedman, I (Nov. 15, 1865), 327; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVII: Fla. Narr., 103.
8. Mrs. Edward Smith Tennent to “My Dear Aunt” [Hattie Taylor], July 2, 1865, Dr. Edward Smith Tennent Papers, Univ. of South Carolina. For similar laments, see Hope L. Jones to “Aunt,” Feb. 28, 1866, Bruce, Jones, Murchison Papers, and Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, Aug. 22, 1865, Univ. of South Carolina; Chamberlain, Old Days in Chapel Hill, 88; Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1248, 1274; Ravenel, Private Journal, 244; D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 205; New York Times, March 9, 1865; Peter Kolchin, First Freedom: The Responses of Alabama