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(ed.), Slave Testimony, 381; Colored Tennessean, Aug. 12, 1865 (Convention of the Colored People); Christian Recorder, Jan. 23, 1864 (H. M. Turner); Weekly Louisianian, Dec. 7, 1878 (“Spell It with a Capital”). On objections to “negro,” see also New Era, Aug. 18, 1870; nevertheless, the editor of Weekly Louisianian (Dec. 12, 1874) thought few if any “intelligent colored citizens” objected to the term, “though they very properly resent the contemptuous one when spelt with two gs.” On gradations of color, see New Orleans Tribune, May 23, 1865. For the debate over whether to strike “African” from the name of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, see Christian Recorder, Nov. 21, Dec. 19, 1863, April 9, 1864, March 25, April 1, 8, May 6, 1865; New Orleans Tribune, June 9, 1865.

79. Loyal Georgian, April 10, 1867; New Era, Feb. 3, 1870.

80. Christian Recorder, June 16, 1866; Semi-Weekly Louisianian, June 15, 1871.

81. Semi-Weekly Louisianian, March 10, 1872 (H. H. Garnet); Christian Recorder, May 13, 1865.

82. Christian Recorder, March 25 (J. Lynch), April 8 (G. Rue), 1865.

83. New Orleans Tribune, Aug. 13, 1865, Feb. 18, 1869; Evans, Ballots and Fence Rails, 90; Christian Recorder, Nov. 27, 1869.

84. Christian Recorder, June 30, 1866, Oct. 21, 1865.

85. New Orleans Tribune, April 13, 1867 (Savannah meeting); Christian Recorder, Jan. 5, 1867; Josiah Gorgas, Ms. Journal, entry for July 9, 1867, Univ. of North Carolina.

86. William S. Basinger to George W. J. DeRenne, Aug. 12, 1867, DeRenne Papers, Duke Univ.

87. Loyal Georgian, July 6, 1867.

88. B. F. Randolph to Bvt. Maj. Gen. R. K. Scott, Aug. 6, 1867, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, South Carolina (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau (Randolph’s assassination was announced in Christian Recorder, Oct. 31, 1868); New Orleans Tribune, May 12, 1867. See also Loyal Georgian, July 6, 1867 (“A Word on Registration”).

89. New Orleans Tribune, May 24, 1867. On the demands voiced by black political rallies, see, e.g., Christian Recorder, May 4, 1867 (Beaufort, S.C.); New Orleans Tribune, May 4 (Mobile), 10 (St. Louis), 1867; New York Times, Jan. 27 (Georgetown, D.C.), March 19 (Savannah), 27 (Charleston), April 2 (Savannah), 19 (Mobile), 24 (Petersburg, Va.), May 4 (Mobile), 8 (Talladega, Ala.), 9 (Jefferson Co, Fla.), 1867.

90. New York Times, Oct. 28, Aug. 9, 31, 1867.

91. Loyal Georgian, Aug. 10, 1867; New York Times, June 30, May 20, Sept. 25, 1867; Loyal Georgian, April 10, 1867. But Thomas W. Stringer, a black political leader in Mississippi, thought his people “more or less mistrustful” of all the candidates. “They know that there are but few southerners that will do altogether right by them in making the laws, and that northerners with a few exceptions, that are eligible, are no better.” Christian Recorder, May 11, 1867.

92. Towne, Letters and Diary, 182–83; St. Landry Progress, Nov. 16, 1867.

93. New York Times, May 28, 1867; Christian Recorder, Oct. 11, 1867 (M. R. Delany); Free Press (Charleston), April 5, 1868. On black political aspirations, see also Christian Recorder, Aug. 10 (“A Colored Man for Vice-President of the United States” and “Who Are Our Friends?”), Nov. 30 (J. C. Sampson), 1867; New York Times, Aug. 6, 9, Oct. 22, 1867.

94. Christian Recorder, June 26, 1869 (M. R. Delany); New Orleans Tribune, June 12, 13, 14, 18, June 25, 29, July 11, 12, 31, 1867.

95. New Orleans Tribune, May 17, June 12, May 19, Dec. 24, June 9, April 21, May 1, July 31, 1867.

96. Macon Telegraph, reprinted in St. Landry Progress, Oct. 5, 1867.

97. Edward Deane, Asst. Commissioner, Freedmen’s Bureau, Charleston, S.C., to Headquarters, Sub-Asst. Commissioner, Darlington, S.C., Aug. 24, 1867, with a newspaper clipping on the Rev. Nick Williams from Charleston Mercury, Aug. 24, 1867, instructions to investigate “the truth of the statements contained therein,” and an endorsement by the commanding officer in Darlington that he had already dispatched troops to arrest Williams. Records of the Assistant Commissioners, South Carolina (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau.