China's Trapped Transition_ The Limits of Developmental Autocracy - Minxin Pei [130]
Sichuan Province (three cases reported)—In Jianyang county, eleven senior officials—including the mayor, two deputy mayors, and a deputy party secretary—were prosecuted in 1994 for collectively taking bribes. In Pi county, four officials, including the head of the agriculture bureau, were prosecuted in 1994 for protecting a local mafia group. In Renshou county, the police chief and his principal deputy were prosecuted in 2002 for protecting a mafia group.
Shaanxi Province (three cases reported)—In Fuping county, six officials, including the police chief and two of his deputies, were prosecuted in 2002 for protecting a mafia group. In Yang county, five officials—including the party secretary, the magistrate, one deputy party secretary, and the party’s organization chief—were prosecuted for selling government positions in the mid-1990s. In Huanglin county, four local enforcement officials, including the police chief, were prosecuted in 2001 for protecting mafia-run mines.
Jiangxi Province (two cases reported)—In Qianshan county, two successivc party secretaries, the deputy police chief, and the party’s organization chief, along with twenty-three other officials, were prosecuted in 2002 for protecting a local mafia group. In Geyang county, an unspecified number of officials were prosecuted in 2001 for protecting organized crime.
Hubei Province (two cases reported)—In Tianmcn city, the party secretary, the executive vice mayor, and the secretary general of the city government were prosecuted for taking bribes and embezzlement in 2002. In Xishui city, four officials were prosecuted for protecting the local mafia in 2002.
Shandong Province (two cases reported)—In Tai’an city, the party secretary, deputy secretary, secretary general of the municipal government, and police chief were prosecuted in 1996 for collectively taking bribes. In Rizhao city, the party secretary and the police chief were prosecuted in 1996 for collectively taking bribes and other crimes.
Zhejiang Province (two cases reported)—In Wenling city, sixty-seven officials, including the mayor and the chief of the party’s politics and law committee, were prosecuted in 2001 for protecting a local mafia group that defrauded a local credit union of 300 million yuan. In Rui’an city, the party secretary and the mayor, together with more than thirty officials, were prosecuted in 2001 for protecting a local mafia group, bribe-taking, and selling government positions.
Anhui Province (one case reported)—The party secretary, mayor, police chief, and about 160 other officials in Fuyan city were prosecuted in 2000 for taking bribes collectively.
Henan Province (one case reported)—In Lushi county, the party secretary was prosecuted in 2002 for selling government positions to eighty people and behaving like a “dirt emperor.”
Liaoning Province (one case reported)—Nearly all the senior officials in Shenyang, including the mayor, president of the court, the chief prosecutor, and the executive vice mayor, were prosecuted in 2001 for protecting the local mafia.
Notes
Introduction
1 One of the best brief surveys of the economic transformation of China since the late 1970s is the World Bank, China2020: Development Challenges in theNewCentury(Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1997).
2 ZGTJNJ 2003 (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 2003), 58.
3 www.chinanews.com.cn, May 18, 2004.
4 ZGTJNJ2003, 34.
5 http:www.unchina.org/html/report.html. According to the United Nations, China’s urbanization rate for 1978 was 29 percent.
6 ZGTJZY 2000, 83, 131, 161; ZGTJNJ1991, 269; ZGTJNJ 2002, 562; ZGTJNJ 2003, 30, 31, 342, 790; www.chinanews.com.cn, April 1, 2004.
7 ZGTJZY 2000 (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 2000), 122; ZGFLNJ 2000 (Beijing: Zhongguo falü chubanshe, 2001), 1221; ZGFLNJ 1991, 36; ZGTJNJ2002, 573, 691.
8 ZGTJZY 2000, 105; ZGTJNJ2003,459.
9 ZGTJNJ2003, 123.
10 See Nicholas Lardy, Integrating China intothe