China's Trapped Transition_ The Limits of Developmental Autocracy - Minxin Pei [141]
41 Tanner, The Politics of Lawmaking in Post-Mao China.
42 Falü yu shenghuo (Law and Life) 10 (2003): 2.
43 Ying and Yuan, Zouxiang fazhizhengfu, 394-395.
44 www.chinanews.com.cn, April 18, 2004.
45 Shidai zhuren (Master of the Times) 7 (1999): 23.
46 Dowdle, “The Constitutional Development and Operations of the National People’s Congress,” 2; Renmin zhiyou (People’s Friends) 9 (1999): 16-17.
47 At the second session of the 9th Congress in 1999, 22 percent of the delegates voted against the reports of the two top judicial organs. The only instance in which a major work report was voted down by the legislative branch occurred in 2001 when Shenyang’s People’s Congress refused to endorse the work report of the city’s corruption-plagued intermediate court. The incident shocked the country but had no real political impact.
48 See Young-Nam Cho, “From ‘Rubber Stamps’ to ‘Iron Stamps’: The Emergence of Chinese Local People’s Congresses as Supervisory Power-houses,” TheChina Quarterly171 (2002): 724-740.
49 Kevin O‘Bricn, “Agents and Remonstrators: Role Accumulation by Chinese People’s Congress Deputies,” The China Quarterly138 (1994): 359-380.
50 Minzhu yu fazhi (Democracy and Legal System) 20 (2000): 7-9.
51 Renmin zhiyou 11 (1999): 10-11.
52 NFZM, January 23, 2001; www.chinanewsweek.com.cn, September 20, 2004.
53 Renmin zhiyou 8 (1999): 10-11.
54 Renmin zhiyou 10 (1999): 42.
55 CCP Liaoning POD, “Gaijin difang renda zhengfu lingdao banzi huanjie xuanju gongzuo de yanjiu baogao” (A Research Report on Improving the Work of Electing Local People’s Congress and Administrative Leaderships), in ZGYW 1999, 688-689.
56 Hangzhou CCP Organization Department, “Shixian renda he zhengfu lingdao banzi huanjie xuanju wenti yanjiu” (A Study on the Issue of the Elections of the Leaderships of [Municipal and County] People’s Congress and Governments), in ZGYW 1997, 277.
57 Renda gongzuo tongxun(NPG Work Newsletter) 15 (1997) : 8.
58 ZGYW 1999, 693.
59 ZGYW 1977, 277, 280-289, 299.
60 NFZM,February 20, 2003.
61 Dowdle, “The Constitutional Development and Operations of the National People’s Congress,” 2.
62 Renda gongzuo tongxun24 (1998): 11.
63 NFZM, April 3, 2003.
64 Liu Zhi et al., Shuju xuanju : Renda daibiao xuanju tongji yanjiu (ElectionData: A Study of the Elections of People’s Congress Deputies)(Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshc, 2001), 337.
65 Liu Zhi et al., Shuju xuanju, 340, 350, 366.
66 Barrett McCormick, “China’s Leninist Parliament and Public Sphere: A Comparative Analysis,” in Barrett McCormick and Jonathan Unger, eds., China After Leninism: In the Footsteps of Eastern Europe or East Asia? (Armonk, N.Y: M. E. Sharpe, 1996), 29-53.
67 Kevin O’Brien, “Chinese People’s Congress and Legislative Embeddedness: Understanding Early Organizational Development,” Comparative Political Studies 27 (1) (1994): 80-109.
68 Among the most important works on this subject are Potter, Domestic Law Reformsin Post-Mao China; Lubman, China’s Legal Reforms;Lubman, Bird in a Cage; and Randall Pccrcnboom, China‘sLong March lowardRule of Law(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Jianfu Chen, Yuwen Li, and Jan Michiel Otto, eds., Implementation of Lawin the People’s Republic of China (The Hague: Kluwcr Law International, 2002).
69 Peerenboom, China’s Long March, 6-8, 558.
70 Yuwen Li, “Court Reform in China: Problems, Progress and Prospects,” in Chen, Li, and Otto, eds., Implementation of Law, 55-83.
71 Deng Xiaoping, “Jiefang sixiang,” 136.
72 William Alford, “Seek Truth from Facts—Especially When They Are Unpleasant: America’s Understanding of China’s Efforts at Law Reform,” Pacific Law Review 8(177) (1990):181.
73 Cai Dingjian, “Development of the Chinese Legal System since 1979 and Its Current Crisis and Transformation,” Cultural Dynamics 11(2) (1999): 135-166.
74 William Alford, “Double-edged Swords Cut Both Ways: Law and Legitimacy in the