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Conclusion

1 China’s growth during this period lagged behind the growth rates for Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea during comparable periods of economic take-off. Martin Wolf, ”Why Is China Growing So Slowly?” Foreign Policy (January-February 2005): 50-51.

2 Thomas Rawski, ”What’s Happening to China’s GDP Statistics?” (University of Pittsburgh, memo, 2001).

3 See Minxin Pei, From Reform to Revolution:The Demise of Communism in China and the Soviet Union (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994).

4 O’Donnell and Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule.

5 See Robert Ross, “Beijing as a Conservative Power,” Foreign Affairs 76(2) (1997): 33-44; Ezra Vogel, ed., Living with China: U.S.-China Relations in the Twenty-first Century (New York: Norton, 1997); James Shinn, ed., Weaving the Net: Conditional Engagementwith China (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1996).

6 See Jack Goldstone, “The Coming Chinese Collapse,” Foreign Policy 99 (1995): 35-53; Gordon Chang, The Coming Collapse of China (New York: Random House, 2001).

Acknowledgments

In the three years of research and writing, I have received generous support and encouragement from many individuals and organizations. Otherwise, China’s Trapped Transition could not have been finished. I want to thank the Smith Richardson Foundation for a three-year grant that financed most of the research on the project. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace has provided the most hospitable environment for conducting research. I am privileged to have a group of outstanding colleagues. In particular, I wish to thank Jessica Mathews, the president of the endowment, for her enthusiastic support. Tom Carothers, Paul Palaran, and George Perkovich at the Endowment have also been very generous with their help.

Much of the research was done at the Center for Chinese Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, formerly known as the Universities Service Centre. Under Jean Hung’s energetic and selfless leadership, the centre has become the most valuable resource for China specialists around the world. In the course of my research, Jean and her colleagues made me truly welcomed at the Centre and gave me all the logistical assistance essential to successfully complete the project.

I am very grateful to Bruce Dickson for his helpful comments on the manuscript.

At the Carnegie Endowment, I had the great fortune of being assisted by Seth Garz, Sara Kasper, Merritt Lyon, and Victorien Wu, four bright and hardworking junior fellows. Elizabeth Reiter, Savina Rupani, and Jennifer Yi also provided valuable administrative assistance during the preparation of the manuscript. I want to thank them for their dedication and contribution.

Parts of Chapters 1 and 4 draw on materials published in my “Rotten from Within: Decentralized Predation and Incapacitated State,” in T. V. Paul, G.John Ikenberry, and John Hall, eds., The Nation-State in Question (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003). I thank Princeton University Press for permission to use the materials.

I also want to thank Kathleen McDermott of Harvard University Press for her patience, understanding, and encouragement.

My wife, Meizhou, and my two boys, Alexander and Philip, are owed special gratitude for tolerating my long research trips to Asia and frequent bouts of workaholic behavior that must have made their lives miserable.

The greatest debt I owe is to Samuel P. Huntington, my teacher and friend. His seminal work on political development and democratization and brilliant insights into the centrality of political institutions have inspired me ever since I took my first seminar with him in 1986. Sam’s enduring influence is evident in the theoretical assumptions and analytical approaches of the book. And to Sam this book is dedicated.

Index

Academics: CCP co-optation of intellectuals and

Accidents: workplace

Accountability: enforcement of

Acid rain

Administration