Covering_ The Hidden Assault on American Civil Rights - Kenji Yoshino [115]
THE END OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1 In the nineteenth century, Mormons Congress passed a series of increasingly severe laws aimed at curtailing polygamy, including measures banning polygamy in the territories, barring polygamists from jury service and political office, and invalidating the corporation of the Mormon church. In 1890, when over one thousand polygynists were imprisoned, the president of the Mormon church issued a manifesto stating that the church would submit to the law and he would use his influence to discourage polygamy. See David L. Chambers, “Polygamy and Same-Sex Marriage,” Hofstra Law Review 26 (fall 1997): 63-65; Sarah Barringer Gordon, The Mormon Question: Polygamy and Constitutional Conflict in Nineteenth-Century America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002).
2 Those who refused For instance, small groups of polygamist families split off from the Mormon church and settled in rural communities in southern Utah and Arizona. In the early twentieth century there were several raids on these communities. Martha Sonntag Bradley, Kidnapped from That Land: The Government Raids on the Short Creek Polygamists (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1993).
3 More recently, authorities have turned Polygamist Tom Green was prosecuted and sentenced to five years in prison. State v. Green, No. 001600036 at 2 (4th Dist. Ct. Utah July 10, 2000) (memorandum decision). As one newspaper reported, “Polygamy is an open secret in Utah and elsewhere in the West, where an estimated 30,000 people practice plural marriage. But Green practically dared prosecutors to go after him by appearing on television talk shows to discuss his lifestyle.” “Brazen Polygamist Gets 5-Year Jail Term,” Chicago Tribune, August 25, 2001, p. 12. The prosecution is also discussed in Julie Cart, “Polygamy Verdict Set Precedent,” Los Angeles Times, May 20, 2001, p. A18; Michael Janofsky, “Conviction of a Polygamist Raises Fears Among Others,” New York Times, May 24, 2001, p. A14.
4 For many American Jews Norman L. Kleeblatt, ed., Too Jewish?
5 Riv-Ellen Prell describes Riv-Ellen Prell, Fighting to Become Americans: Jews, Gender, and the Anxiety of Assimilation (Boston: Beacon Press, 1999), p. 216.
6 Abraham Korman recounts Abraham K. Korman, The Outsiders: Jews and Corporate America (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1988), pp. 38–39.
7 Academics like Phyllis Chesler Phyllis Chesler, The New Anti-Semitism: The Current Crisis and What We Must Do About It (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003), pp. 18–19, 149–50.
8 And journalism professor Samuel Freedman, Jew vs. Jew: The Struggle for the Soul of American Jewry (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 25.
9 The idea of closeting ethnic East European poet J. L. Gordon told his community, “Be a Jew in your own tent and a mensch when you go out.” Elliott Abrams, “Judaism or Jewishness,” First Things, June/July 1997, p. 21.
10 The idea of covering to avoid Dershowitz, Chutzpah, pp. 18–19.
11 Like queers who seek Ibid., p. 9.
12 The piece reports that Leslie Goffe, “Not Responsible,” Middle East, November 1, 2001, p. 46.
13 Other sources reveal similar See, for example, Alan Cooperman, “In U.S., Muslims Alter Their Giving: Those Observing Islamic Tenet Want to Aid Poor but Fear Persecution,” Washington Post, December 7, 2002, p. A1; Jessica Heslam, “Arab Students Feel Pressure to Return Home or Stay Quiet,” Boston Herald, September 30, 2001, p. 17.
14 I could multiply examples See, respectively, Hamilton v. Schriro, 74 F.3d 1545 (8th Cir. 1996); Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398 (1963); West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943).
15 In her memoir Georgina Kleege, Sight Unseen (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), pp. 11–12.
16 Steven Kuusisto writes Steven Kuusisto, Planet