Covering_ The Hidden Assault on American Civil Rights - Kenji Yoshino [97]
16 As queer theorists have recognized See Michael Warner, The Trouble with Normal: Sex, Politics, and the Ethics of Queer Life (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 55–61.
17 “poetry makes nothing happen” W.H.Auden, “In Memory of W.B.Yeats,” in Collected Poems: Auden, ed. Edward Mendelson (New York: Vintage, 1991), p. 247.
18 Now I see Auden meant Richard Posner makes this point in Law and Literature: A Misunderstood Relation (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), p. 305.
GAY CONVERSION
1 his Confessions “Let the last trump sound when it will, I shall come forward with this work in my hand, to present myself before my Sovereign Judge.” Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Confessions, trans. J. M. Cohen (1781; New York: Penguin Books, 1953), p. 17.
2 Guy T. Olmstead E. S. Talbot and Havelock Ellis, “A Case of Developmental Degenerative Insanity, with Sexual Inversion, Melancholia, Following Removal of Testicle, Attempted Murder and Suicide,” Journal of Medical Science 42 (April 1896): 341–44, reprinted in part in “1896–1897: Drs. Havelock Ellis and E. S. Talbot: Castration,” in Katz, Gay American History, pp. 140–43.
3 “Since the operation” Katz, Gay American History, p. 142.
4 Kronemeyer Robert Kronemeyer, Overcoming Homosexuality (New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1980), p. 87.
5 In a 1941 procedure Joseph Friedlander and Ralph S. Banay, “Psychosis Following Lobotomy in a Case of Sexual Psychopathology: Report of a Case,” Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 59 (1948): 303–11, 315, 321, reprinted in part in Katz, Gay American History, p. 177.
6 The procedure was “repeated” Ibid., p. 181.
7 The doctors reviewing the operation Ibid.
8 A 1935 presentation Louis William Max, “Breaking Up a Homosexual Fixation by the Condition Reaction Technique: A Case Study,” Psychological Bulletin 32 (1935): 734, reprinted in part in “1935: Dr. Louis W. Max: Aversion Therapy (Electric),” in Katz, Gay American History, p. 164.
9 A patient describes Jonathan Katz, “1974: Anonymous: Electroshock,” in Katz, Gay American History, pp. 203–4.
10 A 1963 account Michael M. Miller, “Hypnotic-Aversion Treatment of Homosexuality,” Journal of the National Medical Association 55 (1963): 411–13, 415, reprinted in part in “1963: Dr. Michael M. Miller: Aversion Therapy (Hypnotic),” in Katz, Gay American History, p. 194.
11 A similar 1967 study Joseph R. Cautela, “Covert Sensitization,” Psychological Reports 20 (1967): 464–65, reprinted in part in “1967: Joseph R. Cautela: Aversion Therapy (‘Covert Sensitization’),” in Katz, Gay American History, p. 198.
12 In his introduction Jonathan Katz, “Treatment, 1884–1974: Introduction,” in Gay American History, p. 131.
13 As Timothy Murphy observes Timothy Murphy, Gay Science: The Ethics of Sexual Orientation Research (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), pp. 82–83.
14 Both proponents and opponents For reliance on Freud by proponents of conversion therapies, see Kronemeyer, Overcoming Homosexuality; Joseph Nicolosi, Reparative Therapy of Male Homosexuality (Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1997); Charles W. Socarides, Homosexuality: A Freedom Too Far (Phoenix: Adam Margrave Books, 1995). For reliance on Freud by opponents of conversion therapies, see Simon LeVay, Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research into Homosexuality (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996); Murphy, Gay Science.
15 Freud’s answer was clear Freud notes “the universal bisexuality of human beings.” Sigmund Freud, The Psychogenesis of a Case of Homosexuality in a Woman (1920), reprinted in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 18, ed. and trans. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1955), p. 157. “In all of us, throughout