Crime and Punishment in American History - Lawrence M. Friedman [338]
101 New York Times, April 30, 1990, p. A1.
102 D’Emilio and Freedman, Intimate Matters, p. 223.
103 State v. Saunders, 75 N.J. 200, 381 Atl. 2d 333 (1977).
104 State v. Saunders, 75 N.J. 200, 381 Atl. 2d 333, 335 (1977).
105 Quoted in Richard Green, “Fornication: Common Law Legacy and American Sexual Privacy,” Anglo-American Law Review 17:226 (1988).
106 See Andrew J. Cesare, “Updating California’s Sex Code: The Consenting Adults Law,” Criminal Justice Journal 1:65 (1976); the law is Laws Cal. 1975, chap 71, p. 131. Under this statute, sodomy remained illegal for anyone in jail or prison, despite consent. Ibid., at 133.
107 478 U.S. 186, 106 S. Ct. 2841 (1986). The background of the case is discussed in Peter Irons, The Courage of Their Convictions (1988), chap. 16.
108 “I think I probably made a mistake in that one,” said Justice Powell in a discussion with a group of students at New York University Law School, October 18, 1990. (National Law Journal, Nov. 5, 1990, p. 3.)
109 Commonwealth v. Jeffrey Wasson, 842 S.W. 2d 487 (Ky., 1992).
110 See Lawrence M. Friedman, The Republic of Choice: Law, Authority, and Culture (1990), pp. 152-53.
111 381 U.S. 479 (1965). A number of states had recently joined the decriminalization parade, including Colorado, Indiana, and Kansas. Laws Colo. 1961, p 327; Laws Ind. 1963, chap. 12, sec. 9; Laws Kans. 1963, chap. 222.
112 Ibid., at 485.
113 405 U.S. 438 (1972).
114 Ibid., at 440.
115 James C. Mohr, Abortion in America: The Origins and Evolution of National Policy (1978), p. 254.
116 Leslie J. Reagan, “‘About to Meet Her Maker’: Women, Doctors, Dying Declarations, and the State’s Investigation of Abortion, Chicago, 1867-1940,” Journal of American History, 77:1240 (1991).
117 Mohr, Abortion in America, pp 252-53.
118 Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
119 Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 112 S. Ct. 2791 (1992).
120 Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur, 414 U.S. 632 (1974); Peter Irons, The Courage of Their Convictions (1988), chap. 13.
121 See Lawrence M. Friedman, “Limited Monarchy: The Rise and Fall of Student Rights,” in David L. Kirp and Donald N. Jensen, eds., School Days, Rule Days: The Legalization and Regulation of Education (1986), pp. 238, 244-45.
122 Felice F. Lewis, Literature, Obscenity and Law (1976), pp. 54-57.
123 New York Times, Sept. 17, 1913, p. 9.
124 Lewis, Literature, Obscenity and Law, pp. 125-31.
125 Commonwealth v. Delacey, 271 Mass. 327, 171 N.E. 455 (1930). The name of the book is not even mentioned in the case. The court agreed that the book was “obscene, indecent and impure”, and utterly tended “to corrupt the morals of youth.” Laurence H. Tribe, American Constitutional Law (1978, p. 659.)
126 Commonwealth v. Friede, 271 Mass. 318, 171 N.E. 472 (1930).
127 Lewis, Literature, Obscenity and Law, p. 44.
128 354 U.S. 476 (1957).
129 335 U.S. 848 (1948).
130 A Book Named “John Cleland’s Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure” et al. v. Attorney General of Massachusetts, 383 U.S. 413, 419 (1966).
131 Ibid., at 425-26. Justice Clark, dissenting, was less tolerant: “I have ‘stomached’ past cases for almost 10 years without much outcry. Though I am not known to be a purist—or a shrinking violet—this book is too much even for me” (Ibid., at 441).
132 Quoted in American Booksellers Association v. Hudnut, 771 F. 2d 323 (C.A. 7, 1985). The Indianapolis ordinance was in form civil rather than criminal, somewhat like the red-light abatement ordinances discussed earlier in this chapter.
133 American Booksellers Association v. Hudnut, at 328.
134 Laws N.Y. 1905, chap. 442, p. 977.
135 35 Stats., Part 1, chap. 100, p. 614 (act of Feb. 9, 1909); it was unlawful under this act to import opium or any opium derivative except for “medicinal purposes.”
136 38 Stats. 785 (act of Dec. 17, 1914).
137 David F. Musto, The American Disease: Origins