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pp. 25-29. Even before Temu-jin was born, his father had, at a critical point, helped Ong Khan consolidate his power. The two men then formed a so-called anda bond, in which each pledged to aid the other in times of distress. See Paul Kahn, The Secret History of the Mongols: The Origin of Chingis Khan (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1984), p. xxiv.

8. Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 55-56; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 30-35, 42-54.

9. Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 28, 52-53.

10. Barfield, The Perilous Frontier, pp. 191, 193; Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 45-46; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 40, 52, 67, 152-54.

11. Barfield, The Perilous Frontier, pp. 190-91; Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 57-59; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 32, 55-58.

12. Barfield, The Perilous Frontier, p. 191; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 54, 58-59, 61-62, 64-65.

13. Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 2011; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 67-71. In addition to conquering much of the Eastern Hemisphere, Genghis Khan is usually credited with introducing the Yassa Gengizcani, or Great Laws of Genghis Khan. It is not known whether these laws were actually codified during Genghis Khan's lifetime. No complete version of the Yassa from Genghis Khan's time has ever been found, although the Persian chronicler Juvaini gave a lengthy description of Genghis Khan's rules and regulations thirty years after Genghis Khan's death. For an erudite discussion of the origins and widespread influence of the Yassa, as well as the scholarly debate surrounding it, see Robert D. McChesney, “The Legacy of Chinggis Khan in Law and Politics,” lecture delivered to the Indo-Mongolian Society at New York University, Mar. 28, 1997.

14. Heissig, A Lost Civilization, pp. 36-39; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 70-71.

15. Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 77-80.

16. Barfield, The Perilous Frontier, p. 199; Heissig, A Lost Civilization, p. 46; Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 83-84; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 82-85.

17. Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 85-87, 121; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 84, 86-87.

18. Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 92-94.

19. Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 91-92; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 96-97.

20. Heissig, A Lost Civilization, pp. 9, 46-47; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 96-99.

21. Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 13, 91-92, 101, 104-7, 119, 190-91; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 97-105.

22. I quote Jack Weatherford's translation of Genghis Khan's message. Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 105-7; see also Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 109-11, 113-15.

23. Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 119-21; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 4-5, 7-8.

24. Barfield, The Perilous Frontier, pp. 201-2; Heissig, A Lost Civilization, p. 10; Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 115, 135, 138-39; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 5-7, 108-9, 113-14, 117-18.

25. Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 4-6, 9, 110-13.

26. Kahn, The Secret History of the Mongols, p. xxvi; Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 14314, 175-76; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. xx-xxi, 128, 130-31.

27. Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 188-89; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 119-25, 130.

28. Lamb, Genghis Khan, pp. 144, 181, 231; Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 133-43.

29. Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, pp. 144-50.

30. Ibid., pp. 152, 155-59.

31. Morgan, The Mongols, pp. 151, 153; Saunders, The History of the Mongol Conquests, pp. 104-10; Spuler, The