Empires of the Word - Nicholas Ostler [345]
Deimakhos, Seleucid ambassador 247
Delhi Sultanate 108
Denmark 411
Deportation 47, 56, 64-66, 79-80, 197, 360, 485, 489, 505; see also Population movement
Desertification of North Africa 37
Descartes, René, French philosopher 409-410
Diakonov, Igor, specialist on Iranian prehistory 43n
Dialogue of Pessimism 31
Dialogues in the English and Malaiane Languages (Spaulding) 323
Dialogus Ciceronianus (Erasmus) 329
Dias, Bartolomeu, Portuguese navigator 385
Díaz del Castilla, Bernal, Spanish conquistador 4n
Die Jungfrau von Orleans (Schiller) 446
diglossia (classical Arabic and dialects) 98, (Greek and Aramaic) 247
Diodorus Siculus, Greek historian 272, 276
Dionysius the Thracian, Greek grammarian 238n, 247
Diori, Hamani, Nigerian 420
Discours de la méthode (Descartes) 409-410
Disease see Epidemics
Dmitriy Donskoy, Grand Prince 426
Don Quixote de la Mancha (Cervantes) 332
Doric dialect of Greek 235-236, 237n
Dorians 240
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor M., Russian writer 422, 437, 439-440, 442
Drake, Sir Francis, English privateer 478
Dravidian languages 39, 177, 187, 197
Druids 183, 302
Dutch 325n, 380, 395-403, 446, 539
as basa Perteges389n
Dutch interests
Calvinism 400
and China 148-149
East Indian empire 396-397, 506
and North America 482, 486, 492
and Portuguese 389, 389n, 391-392, 401
Dutch East India Company see United East India Company (VOC)
Dutch Reformed Church 401
East Africa 101, 103-104, 412, 507-508
East Asia 209, 210n, 507
East India Company 148, 225, 457, 479, 497-499, 501, 504, 506, 518-519, 536, 539
East Indies 148, 385, 387, 390-391, 395n, 396-403, 493, 498
East Prussia 447
Ebla 37, 40, 60
Eblaite 40
Edessa 87-88, 90, 247
Edom 83
Edomite 70, 71
Edubba, Sumerian school 62-63
Edward I, English king 463
Egeria 259
Egypt 34, 39, 41-42, 45, 46-48, 62, 71, 76, 79, 86, 420
archaeology 124-129
barbarians 163
chronological charts 117-122
Greek overlordship 245, 248, 259-260
immigration 163-167
invasions 163-167, 260
multilingual 165
and neighbouring lands 123
population 152-153, 158, 173, 260n
religion 150-152, 166-167, 172
Saite Egypt and the Near East 130, 165
trade 158
use of Aramaic 83, 129-132
Egyptian 11n, 12, 20-21, 36, 83, 90, 93, 97, 101, 113-117, 122-126, 129-132, 133-134, 149-153, 164-167, 248-250, 255, 292, 514, 517, 520
hieroglyphs 11n, 34, 113-116, 121, 124-125, 128, 132-133, 154-158, 173
Egyptian (cont.)
literacy 156, 157
Middle Egyptian 113, 125
scripts 132, 154-158
see also writing, hieroglyphs
Eisenstein, Sergei, Russian film director 447n
Elam 31, 35n, 39, 42, 43, 46, 53, 60, 65, 87
Elamite 32, 35n, 39-40, 50, 56-58, 60, 62
Eleanor of Aquitaine 407n
Elegantiarum Libri (Valla) 27
Elimam, Abdou, Algerian linguist 78n
Eliot, John, Massachusetts linguist 484-485
Eliot, Thomas Steams, poet 456
Elissa 69, 71
Elizabeth I 473, 478
Emegir dialect of Sumerian 52
Emesal dialect of Sumerian (women’s dialect) 52
Emmerkar and the Lord of Aratta 32
English
Act of Union 465
advent of 310-314
compared its other imperial languages 516-521
Anglo-Norman 460n, 461-465
Anglo-Saxon 125, 313, 456, 462, 466, 517
characteristics 474-477
Cockney 406
colonizing language 325n
dialects 468-172
Estuary English 406, 514
formal reinforcement 464-465, 468
foundation 24, 24n
grammar 475-476
Language Teaching (ELT) 513, 521, 554
and Latin 301-304, 310-311, 461, 464, 467, 474n
Law French 468n
Middle English 66n, 125
(Norman) French 458-461, 464, 465-468, 517
Norse 314, 447n, 468
Old English 314n, 475
parallels to 476-477
pirates and planters 478-480
possible futures 541-549
pronunciation 425n, 474-476
Provisions of Oxford 466
Received Pronunciation 514
second-language speakers 515-516, 575n63, 576n3
spread of 275, 331, 456-458, 477-495, 505-510, 527-528
standard 468-473, 474