Empires of the Word - Nicholas Ostler [344]
literacy 157
major language groups 139
Mandarin dialect 7, 115n, 116-117, 136, 141, 145, 147, 162-163, 171, 172n, 526, 528-530
Min dialect 147, 162
phonetics 209-210
Pinyin romanization 115n, 155, 172n
Chinese (cont.)
popular literature 172n
and Portuguese 390, 476
Putōnghuà116
script 11, 12n
speaking traditions 12, 21, 106
writing 135-136, 137-138, 144-145, 154-158, 163, 172n, 173, 329
Chiriguano dialect of Guarani 363
Chontal de Tabasco 348
Christianity 22, 87-90, 92, 96, 99, 117, 121, 132-133, 141, 150, 156, 158-159, 165-167, 172
Calvinism 400-402
and codex book-format 256n
and Greek 255-256, 269-270
Greek Septuagint 248
Latin Vulgate 294
missionaries 345-347, 364, 368, 371, 373-375, 380, 387, 392-394, 413-414, 416, 481n, 485, 499, 509, 536, 540n
Monophysites 89
Nestorians 88-90, 119, 120, 141, 158, 536
Nonconformism 93
Orthodoxy 264, 269-270
Protestantism 326, 499-504
Samaritan Christians 87
scriptures
Acts of the Apostles 248
First Letter to the Corinthians 254
Synod of Whitby 517
texts in popular style 255-256
see also Americas, Dutch East Indies, Portugal, Spain
Chuvash 140n, 306n
Ci Xi, Chinese empress 151n
Cicero, Roman senator, 272, 329-330
Cilicia 83, 249
Cisneros, Cardinal, Spanish divine 365
Classic of Changes (Yì Jīng) 154
Classical languages
their fates compared 328-330 (Greek, Chinese, Sanskrit and Latin); and specifically
Sumerian 34, 50, 68; Ge’ez 92; Arabic 98, 110; Egyptian 124; Chinese 136, 169-170; Sanskrit 185-190, 206; Greek 229, 250-253, 267-271; Latin 299
Clement (Saint) of Alexandria, Christian apologist 256, 319
Clement VII, Pope 343
Cleopatra, queen of Egypt 131, 151n, 165n, 249, 259
Clouds (Aristophanes) 551
Clovis, king 404
Cochin-China see Indo-China
Codex book-format 256n
Coins 77, 83-84, 246-249, 258, 269
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, French minister 414, 416n, 519
Coligny calendar 292n
Colonization see Population movement
Colombia 339, 349, 372
Columbus, Christopher, Genoese explorer 334-335, 336, 336n, 338-341, 348, 349, 365, 385
Commerce see Trade
Comoros 105
Confucius, Chinese sage, 114-115, 134, 136, 150, 154, 172
Congo 105, 380, 418
Conquest and discovery of the New Kingdom of Granada (Freyle) 341
Constantine, Roman emperor 92, 153, 256, 368
Constantine VII, Byzantine emperor 261
Constantinople 96, 240, 256-257, 260, 263, 329
Cook, Captain James 4
Coptic, modern Egyptian, 11, 90, 90n, 92, 97, 117, 121, 133-134, 166, 255, 554
Cordiner, Revd James, British writer 389
Córdoba 99
Corneille, Pierre, French dramatist, 410
Cornwallis, Lord, governor-general of Bengal, 498, 506
Corriente, Federico, Spanish linguist 99
Cortés, Hernán, Spanish conquistador 1-4, 14-16, 339, 342-343, 351, 353n, 355
Council of the Indies 374
Council of Mainz 318
Council of Tours 318
Council of Trent 374
Creolisation 10, 292
Creoles 390, 415-116, 444, 455, 508, 575n63
Crete 236
Croats 430n
Croesus, king of Lydia 41n
Crónica Mexicayotl 354
Crouset, F. 510, 575-576n65
Crusades 263, 407
Crystal, David, British linguist 543
Cuba 337, 346n, 480
Cumbrian 464
Cuneiform see writing
Cunliffe, Barry, British archaeologist 290
Cursor Mundi 469
Curzon, George N., British statesman 572n43
Cushitic languages 36, 98
Cuzco 356-358
Cyprus 44, 71, 236
Cyrus, king of Persia 41n, 47, 68, 80
Czech 573n14
Czechs 430n
Dacia 310
Dalmatia 310
Damascenus, Joannes, Greek Secretary 97
Damascus 43, 66, 167, 250
Daniel, Samuel 323
Dante Alighieri, Italian poet 320
Dari dialect of Persian 108
Darius, king of Persia 47-48, 57, 81, 85, 85n, 108, 243, 356, 548
Das Kapital (Marx) 438n
Dede Korkut, Turkish traditional epic 105
De Excidio Britonum (Gildas) 311
De la Cruz, Fray Rodrigo, Spanish friar 364
De la Salle, Robert Cavelier, French explorer 412, 520
De las Casas, Fray