• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

Pali 145n, 151, 159, 162, 178, 190, 192, 202, 208, 214, 215-216, 536

Paõcatantra 199, 208

Pānini, Sanskrit grammarian 181, 183, 185, 217, 218

Papua New Guinea 10, 12, 508

Paraguay 367-368, 371, 373n, 376

Paraš, technique of real-time translation 82

Paris 407-408

Parsa 56-57

Parthian 108, 131, 247, 257-259

Parthians 35, 48, 86, 87, 98, 245, 246-247, 269

Parthian Stations, The (Isidorus) 258

Pashto, 108, 186

Patagonia 93

Pataõjali.Sanskritgrammarian 180, 185-186, 245

Patrick (Saint), Church father 303

Pechenegs 425

Peloponnesian War 82

Penang 149, 506

Pennsylvania Dutch 92

Pericles, Greek statesman 233

Períplous Thalássēs Eruthraías 102-104

Persepolis 57, 259

Persia 47, 57, 81-82, 86, 120, 122, 129

Arabic bilingualism 98-100, 163

and Egypt 130-131, 164-165

Greek overlordship 245, 247, 257

political setbacks 108

and Russia 434

Persian 12, 21, 30, 43, 47-48, 57, 97, 101, 106, 108, 132, 141, 160, 212-213, 219, 246, 300n, 514, 554

Peru 12, 308, 334, 338, 339, 342, 344, 346, 356-358, 364, 367-370, 372, 392, 519

Peter the Great also Petr I, Tsar 432, 438-439

’Phagspa, alphabet 156-157, 212n

Philae 132

Philip II see Felipe II

Philip of Macedon 85

Philippines 147n, 148, 161, 340, 374, 377-379, 400, 444, 509, 515, 544

Philo of Byblos 72-73

Philostratus, Athenian sophist 565n28

Phoenicia 69-70, 83

gods 72-73

people 4445, 111, 242n, 292

settlements 239

Phoenician 11n, 21, 30, 34, 44-45, 60n, 68-78, 70, 73, 90, 103, 112, 250, 267, 520n, 536, 546

alphabet 44-6, 72n, 155, 210n

grammar 68n

see also Punic

Phonetics 37, 50, 54, 154, 156-157, 209-212

Phrygian 43, 48, 83, 249

Phrynichus Arabius, Greek pedant 254

Pictograms see writing

Pidgins 10, 380, 390, 497, 508, 575n63

Pigafetta, Antonio, Spanish explorer 401n

Pilipino see Tagalog

Pindar, Greek poet 230

Pinteado, Antonio, Portuguese explorer 388

Pinyin see Chinese

Piracy 102, 129, 148, 158, 199, 201, 382, 391, 415-416, 421, 478-479, 491, 494, 519

Pizarro, Francisco, Spanish conquistador 338, 339, 343, 356

Plautus, Roman dramatist 76-77, 252, 565n25

Pliny the Elder, Roman admiral and encyclopaedist 27, 191, 336

Plutarch, Greek biographer 5, 131n, 258, 259n, 555

Pocahontas, Powhatan princess 481

Poema de Mio Cid 332n

Poenulus (Plautus) 76-77, 78n

Poland 410, 429, 431-432

Polier, Antoine-Louis Henri, Frenchman in British East India Company 497, 575n41

Polk, James Knox, US President 488, 494

Polo, Marco 336n

Polybius, Greek historian 252, 279, 293, 294, 295

Polychronicon (Higden) 467, 468, 471

Polynesia 9, 23n

Population

density 152-153, 373, 376, 412, 412n, 415, 494

growth 414-415, 489, 490-495, 527-528, 530-1, 535, 545, 547, 557, 572n42, 577n9

movement (see also Deportation) 18-19, 22, 24, 64-66, 126, 141, 146, 163-167, 239-241, 273-275, 293-294, 325, 332, 339n, 343-344, 360, 376, 378-379, 391-392, 394, 411, 423, 433, 435, 437, 486-487, 491-492, 492n, 495, 506, 531, 534-537, 538n

Portugal

Asian empire 385-390, 396-398, 519

and China 148

maritime explorations 334-336, 382, 478

Muslim presence 99, 384

trading empire 385, 386-391

see also Brazil

Portuguese 300, 325n, 331, 332n, 380, 382, 384, 385, 387-388, 390-395, 404n, 446, 476, 497-498, 499n, 513, 525-533, 536

in America 391-395

and Christianity 387-390, 398n, 401

expansion in Brazil 393

Posidippus, Greek dramatist 230

Posidonius, Greek scholar 276, 277

Prakrit see Sanskrit

Principia (Newton) 328

Prinsep, James, British scholar 503n

Procopius, Byzantine historian 261-262, 311n

Provençal 320n

Proverbs of Aniqar 38, 83

Prussia 448

Psamtek I, pharaoh 129

Psamtek III, pharaoh 131

Ptah 113-114, 132

Ptolemaic dynasty 86, 131, 248-249, 251, 259, 276, 281

Punic 46, 75-78, 97, 100, 250, 307n, 536 see also Phoenician

Puquina 356-357

Putonghuà see Chinese

Pyrrhus, Greek king 251

Qatna 41

Qín dynasty 118, 137-138, 140

Qīng