Evicted From Eternity_ The Restructuring of Modern Rome - Michael Herzfeld [210]
30. Piron 2001, 99-100.
31. See, for example, Pocino 2000.
32. For events associated with the jubilee, church authorities provided sidewalk booths for the confessional, focusing on individual pardons rather than the relief of collective sin; on one occasion, in a celebration held on the site of the ancient Circus Maximus, two thousand priests took turns to hear confession at 312 special booths. The church hierarchy also reaffirmed and promoted the centrality of indulgences. See Vigli 1999, 152-54-
33. Left-wing critics of Vatican intolerance toward the gay organizations invoked the importance of the state's independence of what is, legally, another state enclosed entirely within its borders. Leftist politician Nicola Zingaretti, in a passionate speech at a rally in front of the Pantheon, attacked the interference in Italian affairs of a state, the Vatican, that was extracommunitario-now a derogatory label for migrants, especially illegal ones, into the European Union.
34. On the complaints about the offense to the pope, see "Crociata contro it raduno gay," Lei Repubblicn, 29 January 2000, p. 23.
3 S. A brief summary of these events is to be found in Schneider and Schneider 2oo6, 77.
36. This term also reflects the confessional, since pentito technically means "penitent." On the emergence of the pentiti and their subsequent appearance in trials of prominent camorristi and mafiosi, see Arlacchi 1994 and Jacquemet 1996.
37. Accountability has been a key emphasis at least since Evans-Pritchard's analysis of Zande witchcraft (1937. See also Douglas 1970. On audit culture, see Strathern 2000.
38. See especially Handler 1986.
39. This has certainly been a target in some other countries. See, for example, Askew 1996 and Herzfeld 2006 on the pursuit of this goal in Thailand.
40. Under Mussolini, this road was called Via del Impero (Empire Street), clearly a name to obliterate in the post-Fascist era through the clever substitution of "Street of the Imperial Forums"-which displaced its meaning back to the ancient era that Mussolini had tried to appropriate for the glorification of his own rule.
41. See, for example, the negative reporting in Enzo Siciliano, "E da Termini comincia la caccia al taxi," La Repubblica, Rome section, 20 July 2001, p. I.
42. Enrico Fermi, who worked with colleagues in a laboratory located on Via Panisperna in Monti, was friendly with my mother, who held a doctorate in chemistry from a German university. When she visited Rome for the last time, at age 92, I was in midfieldwork, and a visit to the house-which we could not enter-was a moment of high emotion for both of us, linking her past and my memories of her recollected youth with the present excitement of doing fieldwork in and around the street now powerfully linked with his name. Fermi, whose wife was Jewish, had dissuaded my mother from fleeing to Italy rather than to England when the Nazis came to power.
43. Mirri (1996, 47) notes that Italian cities are characterized by this kind of stratigraphy but also by the reuse of old materials and a contrast between spatial closeness and temporal distance between buildings. She suggests that such a pattern, which produces a particular understanding of the relationship between past and present in those who dwell in such places, is not unique to Rome. Rome nevertheless, I suggest, displays the time-space torsion with particular intensity. De Cesaris 12002, 54-59) points out thatarchaeological excavations notwithstanding-the subterranean stratigraphy of Rome has, by contrast with its visible counterpart, largely been ignored as a key factor in determining the urban landscape since ancient times.
44. In early 2007, Mayor Walter Veltroni announced his decision to replace the sampietrini along the Via Nazionale, which links Piazza della Repubblica with the descent to Piazza Venezia. See "Via Nazionale diventa sicura: in estate sampietrini addio," Il Messaggero, Rome section, 28 March 2007, p. 38; "Via Nazionale, addio ai sampietrini," La Repubblica, Rome section, 28 March 2007, pp. II-III;