Fast Food Nation - Eric Schlosser [203]
237 “And the merry clowns”: George Cohon, To Russia with Fries (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1999), p. xi.
He reportedly earned $160,000: Cited in Maura Reynolds, “Russians Watch Gorbachev Pizza Ad,” AP, December 23, 1997.
“all my money is gone”: The German publication was Bunte. Quoted in James Meek, “How Last Soviet Leader Lost His Roubles,” Guardian (London), December 30, 1998.
a fee of $150,000 and the use of a private jet: Cited in Margaret Coker, “Siegfried and Gorby?” Business Week, February 15, 1999.
“As if things weren’t good enough”: The executive was Bob O’Brien, president of NPD Foodservice Information Group.
“sensory evaluation specialist”: The speaker was Richard Popper, vice president of Peryam & Kroll Marketing Sensory Research.
238 “A growing number of groups”: Mr. Nugent’s speech, as well as all the others, was recorded by Convention Tapes International, Miami, Florida.
240 the highest obesity rate: Cited in Elizabeth Gleick, “Land of the Fat,” Time International Edition, October 25, 1999.
More than half of all American adults and about one-quarter of all American children: Cited in James O. Hill and James C. Peters, “Environmental Contributions to the Obesity Epidemic,” Science, May 29, 1998.
The rate of obesity among American adults… among American children: See Gary Taubes, “Demographics: As Obesity Rates Rise, Experts Struggle to Explain Why,” Science, May 29, 1998.
“We’ve got the fattest, least fit”: Quoted in Maggie Fox, “U.S.: Obesity Will Be Hard to Treat, Experts Say,” AAP Newsfeed, May 29, 1998.
about 44 million American adults are obese… 6 million are “super-obese”: The adult population of the United States is about 200 million. Twenty-two percent of the nation’s adults are obese and 3 percent are super-obese. See Jeffrey P. Koplon and William H. Dietz, “Caloric Imbalance and Public Health Policy,” Journal of the American Medical Society, October 27, 1999; “Resident Population Projections, by Age and Sex,” Statistical Abstract, p. 17.
A recent study: Ali H. Mokdad, Mary K. Serdula, William H. Dietz, Barbara A. Bowman, James S. Marks, Jeffrey P. Koplon, “The Spread of the Obesity Epidemic in the United States, 1991–1998,” Journal of the American Medical Association, October 27, 1999.
when people eat more and move less: See Hill and Peters, “Environmental Contributions”; Eric Ravussian and Elliot Danforth, Jr., “Human Physiology: Beyond Sloth — Physical Activity and Weight Gain,” Science, January 8, 1999.
241 per capita consumption of carbonated soft drinks: Cited in Jacobson, “Liquid Candy.”
During the late 1950s the typical soft drink order: Cited in Judy Putnam, “U.S. Food Supply Providing More Food and Calories,” USDA Food Review, October 1, 1999.
more fat than ten of the chain’s milk shakes: See “Nutritional Information,” CKE Restaurants.
“Consumers savor the flavor”: Kate MacArthur, “Fast Feeders Find Sizzle by Bringing on the Bacon,” Advertising Age, March 27, 2000. See also Michael Pearson, “Lower Production, Higher Demand for Fast Food Bacon Restores Profitability to Hog Farming,” AP, April 20, 2000.
A decade ago, restaurants sold about 20 percent: Ibid.
second only to smoking: See Koplon and Dietz, “Caloric Imbalance.”
about 280,000 Americans die every year: Cited in Joyce Howard Price, “Fat Chance: The Goverment’s War on Obesity,” Washington Post, January 30, 2000.
242 now approach $240 billion: See Maggie Fox, “Obesity Costs U.S. $238 Billion a Year — Survey,” Reuters, September 15, 1999.
$33 billion on various weight-loss schemes: Cited in Robert Jablon, “Studies Show Obesity on Rise in U.S.,” AP, October 26, 1999.
Obesity has been linked to: See William C. Willett, William H. Dietz, and Graham A. Colditz, “Guidelines for Healthy Weight,” New England Journal of Medicine, August 5, 1999; Aviva Must, Jennifer Spadano, Eugenie H. Coakley, Allison E. Field, Graham Colditz, and William H. Dietz, “The Disease Burden Associated with Overweight and Obesity,” Journal of the American Medical Association,