FDR - Jean Edward Smith [422]
77. Daniels, Wilson Era: Years of Peace 179.
78. For the text of the Convention on the Rights and Duties of States promulgated at Montevideo, see Charles I. Bevans, ed., 3 Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States, 1776–1949 145 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969). [TIAS.]
79. The Platt Amendment, named for Connecticut senator Orville H. Platt, gave ultimate control of Cuba’s finances and foreign relations to the United States, permitted the U.S. to intervene to maintain law and order, and provided for a long-term lease for a naval station on Guantánamo Bay. It was added as an appendix to the Cuban constitution and became part of the May 22, 1903, treaty between the United States and Cuba. [6 TIAS 1116.]
SEVEN | War
The epigraph appears in a letter written by FDR to Eleanor on Sunday, August 2, 1914. 2 The Roosevelt Letters 199, Elliott Roosevelt, ed. (London: George G. Harrap, 1950).
1. New York Sun, December 10, 1913. Inspired by Howe, the Sun suggested that if Governor Glynn did not establish his independence from Tammany, the Wilson administration would throw its support behind Roosevelt. As with many of Howe’s planted stories, the article was moonshine. Also see New York Post, January 15, 1914; New York Herald, February 10, 1914; New York Times, February 10, 1914.
2. FDR to WW (handwritten), circa March 31, 1914, Wilson Papers, Library of Congress. The message was handed to Wilson by Secretary Daniels after Cabinet on the thirty-first.
3. Wilson to FDR, April 1, 1914. Wilson Papers.
4. George Mowry, Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement 300–301 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1946). FDR had ingratiated himself with TR earlier by announcing he would not seek the Democratic nomination if Theodore ran for governor on the Progressive ticket. “Blood is thicker than water,” FDR told the press. TR was apparently unmoved and did not reciprocate. Quoted in Ernest K. Lindley, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Career in Progressive Democracy 301 (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1931).
5. The New York Times, July 23, 1914.
6. Ibid., July 24, 1914.
7. FDR to ER, July 19, 1914, 2 Roosevelt Letters 192.
8. The New York Times, July 24, 1914.
9. Philip C. Jessup, 2 Elihu Root 238–242 (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1938). Also see The New York Times, May 20, 1914.
10. FDR to ER, July 19, 1914, 2 Roosevelt Letters 192.
11. The archduke was in Sarajevo in conjunction with the annual summer maneuvers of the Austro-Hungarian Army, which in 1914 were conducted nearby. His party of six open-top vehicles (Franz Ferdinand and his wife rode in the third car) was returning from a reception at City Hall when the column slowed to make a difficult right-angle turn. The car in which the archduke was riding came to an almost complete stop in front of Princip, who stepped from the crowd, approached the vehicle, and fired two shots at point-blank range from a large-caliber military pistol. The first bullet struck the duchess in the abdomen; the second hit the archduke near the heart. Both died instantly. Princip and his collaborators were tried in open court and convicted. Because of his youth, Princip avoided the death penalty and was sentenced to twenty years’ imprisonment. He died of tuberculosis in prison at Theresienstadt on April 28, 1918. Vladimir Dedijer, The Road to Sarajevo 285–323 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1966). For Serbian complicity, see Sidney B. Fay’s magisterial The Origins of the World War, 2 vols. (New York: Macmillian, 1930), particularly volume 2, pages 53–166.
12. Bismarck’s quote, often cited, was repeated by Albert Ballin to Winston Churchill in July 1914, when Ballin was sent by William II to London in an effort to persuade Britain to remain neutral. Winston Churchill, 1 The World Crisis 112 (New York: Scribner, 1928).
13. David Fromkin, Europe’s Last War: Who Started the Great War in 1914? 307–316 (New York: Knopf, 2004). For the text of Austria’s ultimatum and Serbia’s reply, see the World War I documentary Web