FDR - Jean Edward Smith [423]
14. Russia commenced hostilities with 114 divisions, roughly 2.4 million men, and soon built up to a peak strength of 6 million. Germany called 2 million men to the colors, and by the end of the first week in August fielded 87 divisions of 18,000 men each. Three quarters of these were in the West, one quarter in the East. Between August 2 and 18, France placed 3.8 million men under military orders, two thirds of whom were reservists. Austria initially mobilized 500,000 men and would eventually muster 2.7 million. S.L.A. Marshall, The American Heritage History of World War I 35–36 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1964).
15. Princess Evelyn Blücher, An English Wife in Berlin 137 (London: Constable, 1920).
16. Viscount Edward Grey of Falloden, 2 Twenty-Five Years 20 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1925).
17. Frederich E. Smith, Earl of Birkenhead, 1 Points of View 22 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1922).
18. FDR to ER, August 1, 1914, 2 Roosevelt Letters 195.
19. Ellen Wilson died on August 6, 1914. “It is too horrible about Mrs. Wilson,” FDR wrote Eleanor the next day. “We knew on Wednesday [August 5] that there was little hope and the end came last night. The President has been truly wonderful and I dread a breakdown. The funeral is Monday at the White House. I don’t yet know whether Assistant Secretaries will be expected to go or not. The interment will be private.” Ibid. 204.
20. FDR to ER, August 2, 1914, ibid. 198–199 (FDR’s emphasis).
21. Ibid.
22. ER to FDR, August 7, 1914, FDRL.
23. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1914, Supplement 547–551 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1928). Americans must be “neutral in fact as well as in name,” said Wilson, “impartial in thought as well as action.”
24. Wilson to Daniels, August 6, 1914. Wilson Papers.
25. 2 Roosevelt Letters 204 (FDR’s emphasis).
26. FDR to ER, August 5, 1914, ibid. 202 (FDR’s emphasis).
27. Lindley, Franklin D. Roosevelt 132.
28. FDR to Howe, August 13, 1914. Howe Papers, FDRL.
29. Josephus Daniels, The Wilson Era: Years of Peace 131 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1944).
30. FDR to Montgomery Hare, August 31, 1914, FDRL.
31. FDR to Howe, August 22, 1914. Howe Papers. For Hearst’s refusal, see New York American, August 27, 1914.
32. Howe to FDR, August 24, 1914, FDRL.
33. Gerard cabled the State Department on September 10 that he would accept the nomination only if the president and Secretary Bryan approved. Bryan passed the query on to Wilson:
Asst. Sec. Roosevelt is as you know a candidate and has, as I understand, the endorsement of Secs. McAdoo and [William C.] Redfield [Secretary of Commerce]. I have also felt Roosevelt would be the best man—having the advantage of being actively progressive and an upstate man. Gerard could not of course leave Berlin in the near future. What do you wish said to Gerard? He will do as you wish.
Wilson declined to intervene, and Gerard took the president’s silence as approval. Bryan to Wilson, n.d., Wilson Papers.
34. Walton Chronicle, September 23, 1914.
35. SDR to FDR, September 30, 1914, FDRL.
36. 2 Roosevelt Letters 212.
37. FDR to Langdon P. Marvin, October 19, 1914, FDRL. Ernest K. Lindley, writing one of the earliest Roosevelt biographies, accepted FDR’s version of the election, which then became gospel until after the president’s death when biographers checked the facts. See Lindley, Franklin D. Roosevelt 133.
38. Daniels, Wilson Era: Years of Peace 132.
39. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Crisis of the Old Order 347 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957). For Sara and Franklin’s half brother, Rosy, FDR’s embrace of Tammany required considerable adjustment. “Rosy was in town yesterday,” Sara wrote her son a few days later, “and says ‘they all feel quite upset at [your] T. Club appearance as T. is working against [John P.] Mitchel [the reform candidate for mayor] and Franklin’s speaking strengthens Tammany.’ Uncle Warren [Delano] says one of the papers has pictures of