FDR - Jean Edward Smith [424]
40. Lindley, Franklin D. Roosevelt 133–134.
41. The House letter is in the collection of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, FDRL. On October 11, 1914, Thomas D. McCarthy, Gerard’s campaign manager, wrote FDR asking for an endorsement. “I do not know any one thing that would have a greater influence on the vote that Ambassador Gerard will receive on Election Day than your support of his candidacy during this campaign,” wrote McCarthy. FDR did not reply. FDRL.
42. James A. Farley, Jim Farley’s Story 56 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1948). Gerard told Farley that FDR “would never forget the defeat he suffered … in the Democratic senatorial primary of 1914.”
43. Evidently at Eleanor’s suggestion, Gerard prepared a six-page summary of his services to the Democratic party and the promises he believed had been made to him and then broken. ER sent the memo to Franklin with a penciled comment: “F.D.R. read the end. He is very bitter. E.R.” FDRL.
In his autobiography, Gerard does not mention the 1914 primary but notes that in 1932 he “contributed money whenever [FDR] needed it for his [campaign] payroll, giving it to Louis Howe, Roosevelt’s grand vizier,” and suggests he had been promised the embassy in either London or Rome. James W. Gerard, My First Eighty-Three Years in America 324 (New York: Doubleday, 1951).
44. The New York Times, October 22, 1914.
45. FDR to ER, October [22?] 1914, 2 Roosevelt Letters 212.
46. FDR, Memorandum for the Press, November 14, 1914, FDRL.
47. The text of Wilson’s 1914 State of the Union message is most easily accessible online at http://janda.org/politxts/State%20of%20Union%20Addresses/1913=1920%20Wilson/wilson.1914.html.
48. U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Naval Affairs, Hearings, 1915 571–572, 586 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1915).
49. Ibid. 921.
50. Ibid. 921–995.
51. New York Herald, December 16, 1914; New York Sun, December 17, 1914. The extensive New York Times coverage of FDR’s testimony is reprinted in 2 Roosevelt Letters 216–218.
52. FDR to SDR, December 17, 1914, 2 Roosevelt Letters 215.
53. ER to Isabella Ferguson, December 19, 1914, FDRL.
54. William Graham Greene, permanent undersecretary, to Commander Powers Symington, U.S. naval attaché, December 19, 1914. Symington forwarded Greene’s note to FDR with the following message: “I regret to tell you that the Admiralty would find it very inconvenient for you to come over here for the purpose of studying the war organization of the British Navy.… I am afraid that at this time it is hardly worthwhile to send any more officers over as observers. The lid is down tight and we get almost nothing.” Symington to FDR, December 23, 1914, FDRL.
55. For a report of the London dinner, held at Gray’s Inn, see Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship 3–5 (New York: Random House, 2003). “I always disliked [Churchill],” FDR told Joseph P. Kennedy in 1939. “At a dinner I attended he acted like a stinker.” Quoted in Amanda Smith, ed., Hostage to Fortune: The Letters of Joseph P. Kennedy 411 (New York: Viking, 2001).
56. Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jones (eds.), Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence 5–6 (New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1975).
57. For the text of the German proclamation, see “Memorandum of the German Government,” February 4, 1914, Foreign Relations, 1915, Supplement 96–97.
58. British Ambassador to Secretary of State, March 1, 1915, ibid. 127–128. Also see The New York Times, March 2, 1915.
59. Arthur S. Link, Wilson: The Struggle for Neutrality 321–323 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1960). For the complete text of the U.S. note, see Foreign Relations, 1915, Supplement 98–100.
60. March 30, 1915, ibid. 152–156.
61. Wilson’s remarks were made to an audience of four thousand newly naturalized