FDR - Jean Edward Smith [455]
36. Moley, After Seven Years 155. Moley gives credit to Treasury secretary Woodin, whose “imagination and sturdiness and common sense” carried the day.
37. The Wall Street Journal, March 13, 1933; Stimson to FDR, March 14, 1933; Hearst to FDR, n.d. FDRL. The Baker quote is in The New York Times, March 19, 1933.
38. Lindley, Roosevelt Revolution 91.
39. “I recommend to the Congress the passage of legislation for the immediate modification of the Volstead Act, in order to legalize the manufacture and sale of beer and other beverages of such alcoholic content as is permissible under the Constitution; and to provide under such manufacture and sale, by substantial taxes, a proper and much needed revenue for the government.
“I deem action at this time to be of the highest importance.” 2 Public Papers and Addresses 66–67.
40. Third Press Conference, March 15, 1933, ibid. 67–73.
41. The New York Times, March 12, 1933. McDuffie’s decision to demand a roll call was crucial to the passage of the economy act. In caucus (where the proceedings were secret) a majority of Democrats deserted FDR, but when threatened with having to take a public stand against the president most returned to the fold. Ibid. The quotation is from McDuffie’s ally, Congressman Clifton Woodrum of Virginia. Congressional Record 214, 73d Cong., 1st Sess.
42. FDR, “New Measures to Rescue Agriculture,” March 16, 1933. 2 Public Papers and Addresses 74.
43. “I seek an end to the threatened loss of homes and productive capacity now faced by hundreds of thousands of American farm families.” “A Message Asking for Legislation to Save Farm Mortgages from Foreclosure,” April 3, 1933. Ibid. 100–101.
44. Russell Lord, The Wallaces of Iowa 330 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947).
45. 48 Stat. 31. The Emergency Farm Mortgage Act was Title II of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (48 Stat. 31, 41).
46. FDR’s message to Congress on the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Federal Emergency Relief Agency, and the Public Works Administration was March 21, 1933. The securities regulation message was March 29; TVA, April 10; home mortgages, April 13; emergency railroad legislation, May 4, 1933. 2 Public Papers and Addresses 80–83, 93, 122–128, 135, 153–154.
47. Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal 336.
48. Proceedings of the 1932 Democratic National Convention 372–383 (Washington, D.C.: Democratic National Committee, 1932).
49. Moley, After Seven Years 174.
50. Press Conference, March 15, 1933, 2 Public Papers and Addresses 70.
51. FDR, message to Congress, March 21, 1933, ibid. 81.
52. Senate Education and Labor Committee, House Labor Committee, Unemployment Relief: Joint Hearings 46, 69, 73rd Cong., 1st Sess. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933).
53. Press Conference, March 22, 1933, 1 Press Conference Transcripts 64–66, FDRL.
54. Green to FDR, September 18, 1933, FDRL.
55. Forrest C. Pogue, George C. Marshall: Education of a General 276–280 (New York: Viking Press, 1963).
56. Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933, Public Law 15, 73d Congress, May 12, 1933.
57. “The half-billion dollars for direct relief of States won’t last a month if Harry L. Hopkins, the new relief administrator, maintains the pace he set yesterday in disbursing more than $5,000,000 during his first two hours in office,” said The Washington Post. Quoted in Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History 44 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948).
58. Ibid. 48. Hopkins’s salary as administrator was $8,000 annually. In New York he earned $15,000.
59. Federal expenditures in FY 1932–33 amounted to $4.6 billion, receipts totaled $1.9 billion, leaving a deficit of $2.7 billion. Bureau of the Census, Statistical History of the United States 711 (Stamford, Conn.: Fairfield Publishers, 1965).
60. Charles Wyzanski to his parents, April 29, 1933. Wyzanski MSS., reproduced in Freidel, Launching the New Deal 431. On loan from the Department of Labor to the Justice Department, Wyzanski successfully defended