FDR - Jean Edward Smith [460]
58. “None of them have been consulted by the President,” wrote Kent. “Most of them have been completely ignored. Yet until two years ago, they were the most conspicuous and respected leaders of the party.” Frank Kent, “Which Way Will the Elephant Jump?,” American Magazine (December 1935); Kent, Without Grease 8–10 (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1936).
59. Quoted in Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal 484.
60. “To put it in a Biblical way,” FDR continued, “it has been said that there are two great Commandments—one is to love God, and the other to love your neighbor. A gentleman with a rather ribald sense of humor suggested that the two particular tenets of this new organization say you shall love God and then forget your neighbor, and he also raised the question as to whether the other name for their God was not ‘property.’ ” Press Conference 137, August 24, 1934. 4 Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt 18 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1972).
61. FDR to Bullitt, 3 Personal Letters 417.
62. For the impact of Long and Coughlin, see especially Alan Brinkley, Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression (New York: Knopf, 1982).
63. Quoted in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Politics of Upheaval 24 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960).
64. Leuchtenburg, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal 103–104.
65. Quoted ibid. 105.
66. Garner to FDR, October 1, 1934, FDRL.
67. Farley, Jim Farley’s Story 47–48.
68. Ten members of the House belonged to minor parties, as did two senators (Shipstead and La Follette).
69. The New York Times, November 7, 11, 1934; Time, November 19, 1934, quoted in Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal 507.
70. Lois Gordon and Alan Gordon, eds., American Chronicle: Year by Year Through the Twentieth Century 315, 324 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1999).
71. Leuchtenburg, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal 93.
72. Gordon and Gordon, American Chronicle 324–332. It Happened One Night also won an Oscar for best picture.
73. FDR, “Message to Congress Reviewing the Broad Objectives and Accomplishments of the Administration,” June 8, 1934. 3 Public Papers and Addresses 287–292.
74. Frances Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew 282–283.
75. “A Greater Future Economic Security for the American People,” Message to Congress, January 17, 1935, 4 Public Papers and Addresses 43–56.
76. Ibid. 296.
77. Ibid. 294.
78. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 266.
79. Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal 308–309.
80. Ibid. 311.
81. 119 Literary Digest (June 29, 1935), quoted in Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 131.
82. 4 Public Papers and Addresses 324–326.
83. Frances Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew 301.
84. In 1936, combined federal-state payments to the indigent elderly varied from $3.92 monthly in Mississippi to $31.36 in California. Aid for dependent children ranged from $8.10 in Arkansas to $61.07 in Massachusetts. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 272. (To convert 1936 dollars, multiply by 13.)
85. 3 Public Papers and Addresses 291.
86. Annual Message to Congress, January 4, 1935, 4 ibid. 20–22.
87. Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Joint Resolution 11, 74th Congress.
88. Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal 346–347.
89. Donald Richberg, My Hero 241 (New York: Putnam, 1954).
90. Executive Order 7034, May 6, 1935, 4 Public Papers and Addresses 163–168.
91. Jean Edward Smith, Lucius D. Clay: An American Life 62–63 (New York: Henry Holt, 1990). Also see Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins 75–76.
92. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 252–253.
93. Quoted in Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 128.
94. Ibid. 127.
95. Alfred Kazin, On Native Ground 378–379 (New York: Doubleday, 1942).
96. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins 68. Also see Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal 355.
97. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 253.
98. The Nation, February 13, 1935.
99. The Davies comparison is reported in Schlesinger,