FDR - Jean Edward Smith [470]
90. Farley, Jim Farley’s Story.
91. 7 Public Papers and Addresses 463–471.
92. Augusta Chronicle, August 12, 1938.
93. Ibid., August 16, 1938.
94. Congressional Quarterly, Guide to U.S. Elections 912.
95. V. O. Key, Jr., Southern Politics in State and Nation 139 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950).
96. Smith received 186,519 votes (55.4%) to Johnston’s 150,437 (44.7%). Six years later Johnston defeated Smith 138,440 to 88,045. Ibid. 915.
97. Quoted in Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 348.
98. Address at Denton, Maryland, September 5, 1938. FDR also spoke at Morgantown, Berlin, Sharptown, Salisbury, and Annapolis. 7 Public Papers and Addresses 512–520, at 515. Some of the most incisive coverage of the Maryland primary is provided by Caroline H. Keith in “For Hell and a Brown Mule”: The Biography of Senator Millard E. Tydings 329–361 (Lanham, Md.: Madison Books, 1991).
99. FDR to James H. Fay, September 23, 1938, FDRL. O’Connor was succeeded as chairman of the Rules Committee by Adolph J. Sabath of Illinois, the dean of the House and a staunch New Dealer. Under Sabath the Rules Committee was no longer the roadblock it had been, but on the other hand the House itself was no longer under firm New Deal control.
100. Farley, Jim Farley’s Story 148.
101. Timmons, Garner of Texas 239 (Garner’s emphasis).
102. Raymond Clapper, “Return of the Two-Party System,” 49 Current History 14 (December 1938).
NINETEEN | On the Brink
The epigraph is from the address FDR gave at Chapel Hill, December 5, 1938, upon receipt of an honorary degree from the University of North Carolina. 7 Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt 613–621, Samuel I. Rosenman, ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1941).
1. 8 Ibid. 1–12.
2. Thomas L. Stokes, Chip off My Shoulder 505 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1940).
3. Combatant casualties in the Spanish Civil War are from Melvin Small and J. David Singer, Resort to Arms: International and Civil Wars, 1816–1980 229 (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982).
4. Quoted in Nathan Miller, FDR: An Intimate History 421–422 (New York: Doubleday, 1983).
5. On May 9, 1938, FDR told Harold Ickes that to lift the embargo and allow arms to be shipped to the Spanish government “would mean the loss of every Catholic vote next fall and the Democratic members of Congress … didn’t want it done.” The cat was out of the bag, wrote Ickes, “and it is the mangiest, scabbiest cat ever.” 2 Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes 389–390 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1954).
6. Address at Chautauqua, New York, August 14, 1936, 5 Public Papers and Addresses 289.
7. A Gallup Poll in late 1937 found that 57 percent of American respondents favored China while only 1 percent backed Japan. Hadley Cantril, Public Opinion 1935–1946 1081–1082 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1951).
8. 6 Public Papers and Addresses 406–411.
9. The Wall Street Journal, October 8, 1937.
10. Time, October 18, 1937.
11. Samuel I. Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt 167 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1952).
12. 10 Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt 232–252 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1972).
13. The Times (London), October 7, 1937.
14. FDR to Peabody, October 16, 1937, 3 The Roosevelt Letters 220, Elliott Roosevelt, ed. (London: George G. Harrap, 1952).
15. Manny T. Koginos, The Panay Incident: Prelude to War 26–31 (Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Studies, 1967).
16. Kenneth S. Davis, FDR: Into the Storm 154–155 (New York: Random House, 1993); The New York Times, December 13–26, 1937.
17. Ickes, 2 Secret Diaries 274. Also see John Morton Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Crisis, 1928–1938 485–492 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1959).
18. The Christian Science Monitor, December 13, 1937.
19. Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy 1932–1945 154 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979).
20. Quoted in William E. Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 229 (New York: