FDR - Jean Edward Smith [475]
38. Senator Borah’s “phony war” remark was made in a Washington press conference on December 18, 1939, and reported in The New York Times the following day. Professor Henry Graff, interview with ER, Graff papers, FDRL.
39. Eleanor Roosevelt, Autobiography 214 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961).
40. When Allied forces landed in France in 1944, there were nearly 500,000 German troops in Norway. When the war ended, there were more than 300,000. Murray and Millett, A War to Be Won 66.
41. Winston S. Churchill, The Gathering Storm 667 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948).
42. The remark was recorded by Harold Ickes in his manuscript diary entry of May 12, 1940. When the diaries were published after the war, Ickes deleted “even if he was drunk half of his time.” 3 Secret Diaries 176.
43. Winston S. Churchill, Their Finest Hour 42 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949).
44. Churchill to FDR, May 15, 1940, Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence 94–95, Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jones, eds. (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1975).
45. “Appropriations for National Defense,” May 16, 1940, 9 Public Papers and Addresses 198–205.
46. “Additional Appropriations for National Defense,” May 31, 1940, ibid. 250–253.
47. Ibid. 207; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical History of the United States 718 (Stamford, Conn.: Fairfield Publishers, 1965).
48. FDR to Churchill, May 16, 1940, Roosevelt and Churchill 95–96.
49. Churchill to FDR, May 18, 1940, ibid. 96–97.
50. Congressional Quarterly, Guide to U.S. Elections 328–329 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1975).
51. One of the best accounts of the German breakthrough and the evacuation at Dunkirk is provided by Churchill in Their Finest Hour 74–118. Also see B. H. Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War 79–80 (London: Cassell, 1970); Murray and Millett, A War to Be Won 80–81.
52. Churchill, Their Finest Hour 141–143.
53. FDR to Morgenthau, June 6, 1940. Quoted in John Morton Blum, 2 From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, 1938–1941 155 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965).
54. Quoted in Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War 85.
55. Address at the University of Virginia, June 10, 1940, 9 Public Papers and Addresses 259–264. Drafts of the speech at the Roosevelt Library show FDR’s handwritten inserts stiffening the message. The “stab in the back” reference was ad-libbed by Roosevelt and does not appear in the copy from which he spoke.
56. William E. Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 302–303 (New York: Harper & Row, 1963).
57. Churchill to FDR, June 11, 1940, Roosevelt and Churchill 98–99.
58. On June 17, and again on June 18, Woodring challenged presidential authority when he refused to approve the sale of B-17 bombers to Great Britain. On the morning of the nineteenth Roosevelt requested his resignation. FDR offered Woodring a consolation prize of governor of Puerto Rico—a considerable step-down—which Woodring refused. FDR to Harry Woodring, June 19, June 25, 1940, 2 FDR: His Personal Letters 1041–1044.
59. FDR to Knox, December 29, 1939, ibid. 975–977. Also see Grace Tully, F.D.R.: My Boss 242–243 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949). After his dismissal Woodring told the Topeka Capital he had been the victim of “a small clique of international financiers who want the United States to declare war and get into the European mess with everything we have.… They don’t like me because I am against stripping our own defenses for the sake of trying to stop Hitler 3,000 miles away.” Reprinted in The New York Times, June 21, 1940.
60. Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins 163 (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1948).
61. Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War 323–325 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948). FDR had promised the post of undersecretary of the Navy to Thomas Corcoran, but Knox rejected him as too political. Robert C. Albion and Robert H. Connery, Forrestal and the Navy 1–9 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1962).
62.