FDR - Jean Edward Smith [485]
20. Mark S. Watson, Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations 117 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950).
21. John Morton Blum, 2 From the Morgenthau Diaries 374–375 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965). Roosevelt named Senator James Byrnes of South Carolina to replace McReynolds.
22. Grew to Secretary of State, May 13, 1941, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1941 4 The Far East 187–188 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956).
23. Cordell Hull, 1 Memoirs 723–725 (New York: Macmillan, 1948). Also see Waldo Heinrichs, Threshold of War: Franklin D. Roosevelt and America’s Entry into World War II 49–50 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988).
24. Joseph C. Grew, Ten Years in Japan 350–351 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1944; Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: Rendezvous with Destiny 380–381 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1990).
25. Roosevelt and Nomura corresponded occasionally during the interwar period, the latter always congratulating FDR on his electoral victories and the president always responding. On April 6, 1937, Roosevelt wrote, “As I have often told you, I hope the day will come when I can visit Japan. I have much interest in the great accomplishments of the Japanese people and I should much like to see many of my Japanese friends again.” FDRL.
For Secretary Hull’s aide-mémoire of the Roosevelt-Nomura meeting, see Foreign Relations of the United States, 1941, 2 Japan 387–389 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955).
26. Hull, 2 Memoirs 987.
27. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 507.
28. Hosoya Chihiro, “The Japanese-Soviet Neutrality Pact,” in J. W. Morley, ed., The Fateful Choice: Japan’s Advance into Southeast Asia, 1939–1941 97 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980).
29. Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War 627 and the Tokyo War Crimes Documents cited therein.
30. Otto Preston Chaney, Jr., Zhukov 57 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971).
31. Japanese intelligence estimates counted thirty Russian divisions in the Far East versus the Kwantung Army’s twelve, and 2,800 planes versus Japan’s 800. Heinrichs, Threshold of War 120.
32. Harold L. Ickes, 3 The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes 567 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1955).
33. “Konoye Memoirs,” in 20 Pearl Harbor Attack 4018–4019. Also see “Tojo Memorandum,” in Tokyo War Crimes Documents 36254–36258.
34. Blum, 2 Morgenthau Diaries 377. Stimson called FDR’s statement “the same old rot.” Handwritten notation on Robert Patterson’s memorandum of the cabinet meeting, cited in James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, 1940–1945 109–110 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970).
35. 5 Pearl Harbor Attack 2382–2384. Also see Herbert Feis, Road to Pearl Harbor 231–232.
36. Memo, Chief of Staff to Secretary of War, May 20, 1941, cited in Watson, Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Operations 347.
37. Ickes, 3 Secret Diary 588.
38. Blum, 2 Morgenthau Diaries 378–379. Also see Ickes, 3 Secret Diary 588.
39. FDR, Extemporaneous remarks to the Volunteer Participation Committee of the Office of Civilian Defense, July 24, 1941. 10 Public Papers and Addresses 277–281.
40. Executive Order 8832, July 21, 1941, ibid. 281–283.
41. Mark S. Watson, Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations 434–438; William Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880–1964 188–189 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978); Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and Their War 314–315 (Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1987); Frazier Hunt, The Untold Story of Douglas MacArthur 208 (New York: Devin-Adair, 1954); Forrest C. Pogue, 2 George C. Marshall 181, 466 (New York: Viking, 1965).
42. Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945 300 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979).
43. Quoted in Scott D. Sagan, “The Origins of the Pacific War,” in The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars 336, Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb, eds. (New York: Cambridge