Forgotten Wars_ Freedom and Revolution in Southeast Asia - Christopher Bayly [331]
32. The biographical details that follow are taken from Yoji Akashi, ‘Lai Teck, Secretary General of the Malayan Communist Party, 1939–1947’, Journal of the South Seas Society, 49 (1994), pp. 57–103.
33. By the Singapore communist Ng Yeh Lu, quoted in C. F. Yong, The origins of Malayan Communism (Singapore, 1997), p. 188.
34. Anthony Short, The communist insurrection in Malaya, 1948–60 (London, 1976), p. 41.
35. Akashi, ‘Lai Teck’.
36. James Wong Wing On, From Pacific War to Merdeka: reminiscences of Abdullah C. D. Rashid Maidin, Suriani Abdullah and Abu Samah (Petaling Jaya, 2005), p. 33.
37. Interviewed by James Wong Wing On, ibid., p. 7.
38. John Davis to SACSEA, 21 August 1945, HS1/114, TNA.
39. Chin Peng, My side of history (Singapore, 2003), pp. 111–12.
40. Dorothy Thatcher and Robert Cross, Refugee from the Japanese ([1959] Kuala Lumpur, 1993), p. 156.
41. ‘Operational report by Major T. A. Wright, Sergeant Orange, PLO’, n.d., HS1/117, TNA.
42. J. P. Hannah, ‘MPAJA personalities 5th (Perak) Independent Regiment’, HS1/107, TNA.
43. Ah Yeow [Liew Yao] to Major D. K. Broadhurst, 16 June and 21 July 1945, Broadhurst Papers, SNA.
44. M. E. Dening to Foreign Office, 3 September 1945, in A. J. Stockwell (ed), British documents on the end of empire: Malaya, part I (London, 1995), p. 123.
45. Chin Peng, My side of history, pp. 120–1; C. C. Chin and Karl Hack (eds.), Dialogues with Chin Peng: new light on the Malayan Communist Party (Singapore, 2004), pp. 106–10.
46. John Davis interview, OHD, SNA; Commander Force 136 to HPD SACSEA, 19 August 1945, HS1/114, TNA.
47. Col. L. F. Sheridan to Edward Gent, 27 August 1945, ibid.
48. Quoted in Cheah Boon Kheng, Red star over Malaya: resistance and social conflict during and after the Japanese occupation of Malaya, 1941–1946 (Singapore, 1983), p. 137.
49. Richard Gough, Jungle was red: SOE’s Force 136 Sumatra and Malaya (Singapore, 2003), p. 147.
50. Khoo Salma Nasution and Abdur-Razzaq Lubis, Kinta Valley: pioneering Malaysia’s modern development (Ipoh, 2005), pp. 290–1; Wong, From Pacific War to Merdeka, pp. 10, 19.
51. ‘Operational report by Mai. H. H. Wright, Carpenter State PLO’, 28 December 1945, HS1/107, TNA.
52. Yoji Akashi, ‘The Anti-Japanese movement in Perak during the Japanese occupation, 1941–45’, in Paul H. Kratoska (ed.), Malaya and Singapore during the Japanese occupation (Singapore, 1995), pp. 113–16.
53. ‘Operational report by Maj. H. H. Wright’, HS1/107, TNA.
54. Chin Peng, My side of History, pp. 123–5.
55. I. D. Ross, ‘Operational report Funnel Blue PLO’, 19 October 1945, HS1/107, TNA; Michael Stenson, Class, race and colonialism in West Malaysia: the Indian case (Queensland, 1980), p. 101.
56. Netaji Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: a Malaysian perspective (Kuala Lumpur, 1992), pp. 228–9.
57. For example, Datuk Mohd Yusoff Hj. Ahmad, Decades of change (Malaysia – 1910s–1970s) (Kuala Lumpur, 1983), p. 293; Laurence K. L. Siaw, Chinese society in rural Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, 1983), p. 74.
58. ‘Operational report D. R. W. Alexander, Sergeant GLO’, 5 December 1945, HS1/107, TNA. Chin Peng, who visited the National Archives in Kew, later endorsed Alexander’s report; Chin Peng, My side of history, p. 128;Ho Thean Fook, Tainted glory (Kuala Lumpur, 2000), pp. 240–2.
59. ‘Operational report by Maj. H. H. Wright, Carpenter State PLO’, 28 December 1945, HS1/107, TNA.
60. Shinozaki, Syonan – my story, p. 97; Heng Chiang Ki interview, OHD, SNA.
61. N. I. Low, When Singapore was Syonan-to ([1947] Singapore, 1995), pp. 130–1.
62. Mustapha Hussain, Malay nationalism before Umno, p. 288.
63. The most thorough and balanced account of the conflict is Cheah, Red star over Malaya, ch. 8. For Malay religious anxieties, Abu Talib Ahmad, The Malay Muslims, Islam and the Rising Sun, esp. chs. 4 and 5.
64. Syed Naguib al-Attas, Some aspects of Sufism as understood and practised by the Malays (Singapore, 1963), pp. 47–8,