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91. S. K. Chettur, Malayan adventure (Mangalore, 1948), pp. 12–30.

92. Wavell to Mountbatten, 4 December 1945, WO203/4203B, TNA.

93. Malaya Command to SACSEA, 7 January 1946, WO203/4303B, TNA.

94. Chettur, Malayan adventure, pp. 31–60.

95. Mustapha Hussain, Malay nationalism before Umno: the memoirs of Mustapha Hussain, translated by Insun Mustapha and edited by Jomo K. S. (Kuala Lumpur, 2005), pp. 295–327.

96. F. S. V. Donnison, British military administration in the Far East (London, 1956), p. 304. See the discussion by Abu Talib Ahmad, The Malay Muslims, Islam and the Rising Sun: 1941–45 (Kuala Lumpur, 2003), pp. 133–6.

97. Mamoru Shinozaki, Syonan – my story: the Japanese occupation of Singapore (Singapore, 1979), p. 107.

98. Herman Marie de Souza interview, OHD, SNA.

99. Cited in Romen Bose, A will to freedom: Netaji and the Indian independence movement in Singapore and Southeast Asia, 1942–45 (Singapore, 1993), p. 49.

100. T. T. Hui to unnamed official, 8 November 1945, on NARA/XL30328, SNA.

101. Wee Kim Guan, letter, 13 May 1946, BMA HQ S.DIV/151/45, SNA.

102. Examples from New Democracy, 6 October, 1945.

CHAPTER 3 1945: A SECOND COLONIAL CONQUEST

1. Cited in Robert Pearce, Attlee (London, 1977), p. 122.

2. Ibid, p. 281.

3. Note on the paper ‘Religion in the army’ by R. Savory, 7603–93/90, National Army Museum, London.

4. Sir Donald Cameron, ‘Give an account of Thy Stewardship’, 15 May 1942, CO875/19/13, TNA.

5. Wavell cited in Rajmohan Gandhi, Patel: a life (Ahmedabad, 1990)p, 433.

6. Penderel Moon (ed.), Wavell: the viceroy’s journal (London, 1973), entry for 31 August 1945, p. 170.

7. Harold Macmillan, Tides of fortune (London, 1969), p. 246, cited in Nicholas Owen, ‘The Conservative Party and Indian independence, 1945–47’, Historical Journal, 46, 2 (2003), p. 411.

8. Victor Purcell, The memoirs of a Malayan official (London, 1965), p. 293.

9. Ralph Hone to E. V. G. Day, 21 February 1945, BMA/ADM/239, ANM.

10. Chua Ai Lin, ‘Negotiating national identity: the English-speaking domiciled commmunities in Singapore, 1930–41’, MA thesis, National University of Singapore, 2001.

11. Captain L. D. Gammans, ‘Post-war planning in South-East Asia’, British Malaya, November 1942.

12. Ralph Hone, Report on the British Military Administration of Malaya, September 1945 to March 1946 (Kuala Lumpur, 1946).

13. Amy and Richard Haggard, ‘An account of the British Military Administration of Upper Perak, Malaya – 1945/46: being memories based on diaries and letters’, 4 April 2000, RCS, CUL.

14. Melanie Chew, Of hearts and minds: the story of Sembawang (Singapore, 1998), p. 58.

15. O. W. Gilmour, With freedom to Singapore (London, 1950), p. 117.

16. Nicholas J. White, Business, government and the end of empire: Malaya, 1945–1957 (Kuala Lumpur, 1996), p. 75.

17. Sydney Caine to Lord Keynes, 19 March 1945, in A. J. Stockwell (ed.), British documents on the end of empire: Malaya, part I (London, 1995), pp. 90–1.

18. Arthur Alexander Thompson interview, OHD, SNA; J. Pickering, ‘Monthly report for January 1946, Refugees and Displaced Persons Branch, Peninsula Division’, BMA/ADM/2/28, ANM.

19. T. N. Harper, The end of empire and the making of Malaya (Cambridge, 1999), pp. 41, 66; ‘A report on the damage resulting from the war and the Japanese occupation’, 10 December 1946, CSO/6929, SNA.

20. S. K. Chettur, Malayan adventure (Mangalore, 1948), p. 22. For the figures see Michiko Nakahara, ‘Labour recruitment in Malaya under the Japanese occupation: the case of the Burma–Siam railway’, in Jomo K. S. (ed.), Rethinking Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, 1997), pp. 215–45.

21. J. Pickering, ‘Monthly report for December 1945, Refugees and Displaced Persons Branch, Peninsula Division’, BMA/ADM/2/28, ANM; ‘Monthly report for January 1946’, ibid.

22. For example, Lau Siew Foo (Malayan Security Service) and J. C. Bary, ‘A brief review of Chinese affairs during the period of the Japanese occupation’, BMA/ADM/8/1, ANM.

23. R. W. Holder, Eleven months in Malaya: