Free Radicals - Michael Brooks [124]
p. 55 ‘… questionable behaviour that threatens the integrity of science’: B. Martinson, ‘Scientists Behaving Badly’, Nature, vol. 435, p. 737 (2005).
p. 56 Sources for the Einstein section: H. Ohanian, Einstein’s Mistakes (Norton, 2008); A. Folsing, Einstein (Penguin, 1998); S. Weinberg, ‘Einstein’s Mistakes’, Physics Today, November 2005, p. 31.
p. 59 ‘… fix your attention on their deeds’: Quoted in P. Medawar, Induction and Intuition in Scientific Thought (Methuen, 1969), p. 10.
p. 59 ‘… one should not allow oneself to be too discouraged’: P. Dirac, ‘The Evolution of the Physicist’s Picture of Nature’, Scientific American, May 1963, vol. 206, p. 53. Available at http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=the-evolution-of-the-physicists--pi-2010–06–25
p. 60 ‘counterfeiting the coin of science’: D. Goodstein, ‘Conduct and Misconduct in Science’, available via his web page at http://www.its.caltech.edu/~dg/conduct_art.html
p. 61 ‘… A piece of chalk was his only tool’: W. Laurence, ‘Einstein Offers New View of Mass-Energy Theorem’, New York Times, 29 December 1934, available at http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30A1EFA3B5D167A93CBAB1789D95F408385F9&scp=1&sq=einstein&st=p. See also D. Topper and D. Vincent, ‘Einstein’s 1934 Two-Blackboard Derivation of Energy-Mass Equivalence’, American Journal of Physics, vol. 75, p. 978 (2007), available at muj.optol. cz/~richterek/data/media/ref_str/topper2007.pdf
p. 62 Not until 1949, when he published an autobiography: A. Einstein, Autobiographical Notes, Open Court (1979).
p. 62 Sources for the Eddington section: M. Stanley, Practical Mystic: Religion, Science, and A.S. Eddington (University of Chicago Press, 2007); H. Collins and T. Pinch, The Golem: What You Should Know About Science (Cambridge University Press, 1993); W. Gratzer, Eurekas and Euphorias (Oxford University Press, 2002); H. Ohanian, Einstein’s Mistakes (Norton 2008).
p. 69 ‘Observation and theory get on best when they are mixed together …’: Quoted in P. Wood, Science and Dissent in England, 1688–1945 (Ashgate Publishing, 2004), p. 249.
p. 70 Raymond De Vries and his colleagues called their new paper ‘Normal Misbehavior’: R. De Vries et al., ‘Normal Misbehavior’, Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, vol. 1, p. 43 (2006).
p. 71 The introduction of ethics classes for researchers at the University of Texas: This and the following example come from E. Marshall, ‘How Prevalent Is Fraud?’, Science, vol. 290, p. 1662 (2000).
p. 71 Barbara Redman and Jon F. Merz published a rather remarkable piece of work: B. Redman and J. Merz, ‘Do the Punishments Fit the Crime?’, Science, vol. 321, p. 775 (2008).
p. 72 ‘Most cases are probably not publicized …’: R. Smith, ‘Research Misconduct: The Poisoning of the Well’, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, vol. 99, p. 232 (2006).
p. 73 The science writer Simon Singh: S. Singh, ‘Shadows of Days Gone By’, Times Higher Education Supplement, 6 August 1999, available at http://www.simonsingh.net/1919_Eclipse.html
p. 73 ‘it is worth remembering that history has vindicated Millikan’: D. Goodstein, ‘In Defense of Robert Andrews Millikan’.
p. 73 Heredity pioneer Gregor Mendel’s data are suspiciously clean: M. Franzen et al., ‘Fraud: Causes and Culprits as Perceived by Science and the Media’, EMBO Reports, vol. 8, p. 3 (2007).
p. 74 ‘… one of the tiny handful of supreme geniuses …’: R. Westfall, Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton (Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. ix.
p. 74 If young scientists were to find out what really happened in the history of their subject: S. Brush, ‘Should the History of Science Be Rated X?’, Science, vol. 183, p. 1164 (1974).
CHAPTER 3
p. 75 ‘… stealing our faeces from the latrines to perform sorcery?’: S. Lindenbaum, Kuru Sorcery: Disease and Danger in the New Guinea Highlands (McGraw-Hill, 1978), p. 101.
p. 76 ‘… several years before his mother developed kuru herself’: You can see the photos in Gajdusek