Free Radicals - Michael Brooks [131]
p. 143 Einstein expressed the scientist’s view with a typical simplicity: A. Einstein, ‘Letter to an Admirer’, 24 March 1951, quoted in H. Dukas and B. Hoffmann (editors), Albert Einstein: The Human Side. New Glimpses from His Archives (Princeton University Press, 1979), p. 57.
p. 143 Many biologists working in the public sector rejoiced: J. Kaiser, ‘Celera to End Subscriptions and Give Data to Public GenBank’, Science, vol. 308, p. 775 (2005).
p. 144 Even Venter’s competitors and detractors were largely unwilling to score points: N. Wade, ‘Scientist Reveals Secret of Genome: It’s His’, New York Times, 27 April 2002, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/27/us/scientist-reveals-secret-of-genome-it-s-his.html
p. 144 ‘This is the first self-replicating species we’ve had on the planet whose parent is a computer’: A recording of the press conference is available at http://www.ted.com/talks/craig_venter_unveils_synthetic_life.html
p. 145 Venter’s science raised ‘genuine concerns’, Barack Obama said: There is a good summary with links to other sources at http://www.biopoliticaltimes.org/article.php?id=5220
p. 146 ‘He has not created life, only mimicked it’: N. Wade, ‘Researchers Say They Created a “Synthetic Cell”’, New York Times, 20 May 2010, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/21/science/21cell.html
p. 146 ‘a defining moment in the history of biology and biotechnology’: I. Sample, ‘Craig Venter Creates Synthetic Life Form’, Guardian, 20 May 2010, available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/may/20/craig-venter-synthetic-life-form
p. 146 ‘great need for more oversight of this hugely powerful technology’: A. Caplan, ‘Now Ain’t That Special? The Implications of Creating the First Synthetic Bacteria’, Scientific American guest blog, 20 May 2010, http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=now-aint-that-special-the-implicati-2010–05–20
p. 146 Venter’s press conference and publication in Science: D. Gibson et al., ‘Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome’, Science, vol. 329, p. 52 (2010).
p. 146 ‘the implications of this scientific milestone …’: D. Brown, ‘Scientists Create Cell Based on Man-Made Genetic Instructions’, Washington Post, 21 May 2010, available at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/20/AR2010052003336.html
p. 147 ‘The stuff that’s coming down the pipe …’: T. Reichhardt, ‘Studies of Faith’, Nature, vol. 432, p. 666 (2004).
p. 148 The research first came to the attention of the world’s press: K. Nayernia, ‘In Vitro-Differentiated Embryonic Stem Cells Give Rise to Male Gametes that Can Generate Offspring Mice’, Developmental Cell, vol. 11, p. 125 (2006).
p. 149 sperm from adult human stem cells: K. Nayernia, ‘Derivation of Male Germ Cells from Bone Marrow Stem Cells’, Laboratory Investigation, vol. 86, p. 654 (2006).
p. 150 The eggs showed some signs of attempting cell division: K. Hübner et al., ‘Derivation of Oocytes from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells’, Science, vol. 300, p. 1251 (2003).
p. 150 grown cells from testes in a liquid broth: O. Lacham-Kaplan, ‘Testicular Cell Conditioned Medium Supports Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Ovarian Structures Containing Oocytes’, Embryonic Stem Cells, vol. 24, p. 266 (2006).
p. 151 added bone proteins to her stem cell mix: K. Keel et al., ‘Human DAZL, DAZ and BOULE Genes Modulate Primordial Germ-Cell and Haploid Gamete Formation’, Nature, vol. 462, p. 222 (2009).
p. 151 she made capsules of gel from a chemical found in seaweed: E. West et al., ‘Engineering the Follicle Microenvironment’, Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, vol. 25, p. 287 (2007).
p. 151 In 2009, her team managed to incubate human follicles: If you want the latest, it’s worth a visit to http://www.woodrufflab.org/
p. 151 The procedures involved have ‘turned out to be much simpler than we ever dreamed’: Quoted from H. Leggett, ‘A Fertility First: Human Egg Cells Grow Up in Lab’, 14 July 2009, http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/07/humanegg/