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in A. L. Beier and Roger Finlay (eds.), London 1500–1700: The Making of the Metropolis (London, 1986), and Paul Griffiths and Mark S. R. Jenner (eds.), Londinopolis: Essays in the Cultural and Social History of Early Modern London (Manchester, 2000). For its overseas trade See also Robert Brenner, Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict and London’s Overseas Traders, 1550–1653 (Cambridge, 1993), and Ben Coates, The Impact of the English Civil War on the Economy of London, 1642–50 (Aldershot, 2004). For the increase in litigation see Christopher W. Brooks, Pettyfoggers and Vipers of the Commonwealth: The ‘Lower Branch’ of the Legal Profession in Early Modern England (Cambridge, 1986); Christopher Brooks, ‘Interpersonal Conflict and Social Tension: Civil Litigation in England, 1640–1870’, in A. L. Beier, David Cannadine and James M. Rosenheim (eds.), The First Modern Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 357–99. For Westminster see J. F. Merritt, The Social World of Early Modern Westminster: Abbey, Court and Community, 1525–1640 (Manchester, 2005). For the national growth of consumption see Linda Levy Peck, Consuming Splendor: Society and Culture in Seventeenth-Century England (Cambridge, 2005).

2. For an overview and further reference see C. G. A. Clay, Economic Expansion and Social Change. England 1500–1700, 2 vols. 1: People, Land and Towns (Cambridge, 1984), esp. pp. 187–91; E. A. Wrigley, ‘A Simple Model of London’s Importance in Changing English Society and Economy, 1650–1750’, reprinted in E. A. Wrigley, People, Cities and Wealth: The Transformation of Traditional Society (Oxford, 1987), pp. 133–56.

3. Valerie Pearl, London and the Outbreak of the Puritan Revolution: City Government and National Politics 1625–1643 (Oxford, 1961), chs. 1–2; for the earlier period see Ian W. Archer, The Pursuit of Stability: Social Relations in Elizabethan London (Cambridge, 1991); for the religious diversity and the ‘Puritan underground’ see Peter Lake, The Boxmaker’s Revenge: ‘Orthodoxy’ and ‘Heterodoxy’ and the Politics of the Parish in Early Stuart London (Manchester, 2001); David R. Como, Blown by the Spirit: Puritanism and the Emergence of an Antinomian Underground in pre-Civil-War England (Stanford, 2004); David R. Como, ‘Predestination and Political Conflict in Laud’s London’, HJ, 46 (2003), 263–94; David R. Como and Peter Lake, ‘Puritans, Antinomians and Laudians in Caroline London: The Strange Case of Peter Shaw and its Contexts’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 50 (1999), 684–715; Peter Lake and David R. Como, ‘“Orthodoxy” and Its Discontents: Dispute Settlement and the Production of “Consensus” in the London (Puritan) “Underground”’, JBS, 39 (2000), 34–70.

4. Roger Finlay and Beatrice Shearer, ‘Population Growth and Suburban Expansion’, in Beier and Finlay (eds.), London, pp. 37–59; Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge, 1987).

5. For important overviews see Ian Archer, ‘Popular Politics in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries’, in Griffiths and Jenner (eds.), Londinopolis, pp. 26–46; and Keith Lindley, ‘Riot Prevention and Control in Early Stuart London’, TRHS, 5th ser., 33 (1983), 109–26. For the Protestant calendar see David Cressy, Bonfires and Bells: National Memory and the Protestant Calendar in Elizabethan and Stuart England (London, 1989); for 1623 see Thomas Cogswell, ‘England and the Spanish Match’, in Richard Cust and Ann Hughes (eds.), Conflict in Early Stuart England: Studies in Religion and Politics 1603–1642 (London, 1989), pp. 107–33.

6. Keith Lindley, Popular Politics and Religion in Civil War London (Aldershot, 1997), p. 6. For evocations of talk on the streets of revolutionary London see Ann Hughes, Gangraena and the Struggle for the English Revolution (Oxford, 2004), ch. 3; Malcolm Gaskill, Witchfinders: A Seventeenth-Century English Tragedy (London, 2005), pp. 135–6.

7. Lindley, Popular Politics, pp. 8–9; See also David Cressy, England on Edge: Crisis and