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12. See above, pp. 253–4.

13. Clive Holmes, The Eastern Association in the English Civil War (Cambridge, 1974), pp. 62–3; A&O, I, pp. 49–80, passim. See also Clive Holmes (ed.), The Suffolk Committees for Scandalous Ministers 1644–1646, Suffolk Records Society, XIII (Ipswich, 1970), pp. 20–21.

14. Holmes, Eastern Association, pp. 62–7, quotations at p. 63. See also J. H. Hexter, The Reign of King Pym (Cambridge, Mass., 1941), esp. pp. 28–9, and, for the measures discussed in this chapter more generally, ch. 1.

15. John Morrill, Revolt in the Provinces: The People of England and the Tragedies of War 1630–1648, 2nd edn (Harlow, 1999), pp. 102–4; Holmes, Eastern Association, esp. pp. 67–8.

16. A&O, I, pp. 73–4, 76–7, 104–5, 123–4.

17. See above, pp. 392–3.

18. For these forms of taxation in general see Michael J. Braddick, Parliamentary Taxation in Seventeenth-Century England: Local Administration and Response (Woodbridge, 1994), chs. 3, 4; Michael J. Braddick, The Nerves of State: Taxation and the Financing of the English State, 1558–1714 (Manchester, 1996), ch. 5. For the Assessment Ordinance see A&O, I, pp. 85–100. For the excise proposal see Gardiner, I, pp. 101–2. For Hunstanton and Hanworth see Braddick, Parliamentary Taxation, p. 139. For influential studies of the escalating local burden of taxation see Alan Everitt, The Community of Kent and the Great Rebellion 1640–60 (Leicester, 1966), esp. pp. 155–72; Holmes, Eastern Association, esp. ch. 7; Anthony Fletcher, A County Community in Peace and War: Sussex 1600–1660 (London, 1975), esp. pp. 336–9; Ann Hughes, Politics, Society and Civil War in Warwickshire, 1620–1660 (Cambridge, 1987), esp. pp. 255–71; J. S. Morrill, Cheshire 1630–1660: County Government and Society during the English Revolution (Oxford, 1974), ch. 3.

19. A&O, I, pp. 106–117.

20. Ibid., pp. 145–55 (7 May 1643).

21. For the development of this strand of opinion see Robert Ashton, ‘From Cavalier to Roundhead Tyranny, 1642–9’, in John Morrill (ed.), Reactions to the English Civil War 1642–1649 (Basingstoke, 1982), pp. 185–207; Robert Ashton, Counter-Revolution: The Second Civil War and Its Origins, 1646–1648 (New Haven, Conn., 1994).

22. Morrill, Revolt in the Provinces, 2nd edn, pp. 79–80. For a general account see Gerald Aylmer, The State’s Servants: The Civil Service of the English Republic 1649–1660 (London, 1973), esp. pp. 9–24.

23. Morrill, Revolt in the Provinces, 2nd edn, pp. 83–4; Lotte Glow, ‘The Committee of Safety’, EHR, 80 (1965), 289–313; Wallace Notestein, ‘The Establishment of the Committee of Both Kingdoms’, AHR, 17 (1912), 477–95; John Adamson, ‘The Triumph of Oligarchy: The Management of War and the Committee of Both Kingdoms, 1644–1645’, in Chris R. Kyle and Jason Peacey (eds.), Parliament at Work: Parliamentary Committees, Political Power and Public Access in Early Modern England (Woodbridge, 2002), pp. 101–27.

24. Morrill, Revolt in the Provinces, 2nd edn, pp. 79–89. For the civilian committees See also Aylmer, State’s Servants, pp. 8–29.

25. Edward Husbands, An exact collection of all Remonstrances… (London, 1643). On 5 August 1644 the Commons ordered Husbands to print ‘all the Ordinances and Declarations that have passed since the Setting-forth the last Volume of Ordinances and Declarations, set forth by him: And, that he do take care diligently to compare his Copies with the Originals’. This latter provision suggests that he had met some criticism. He was once again given copyright: CJ, iii, p. 580. For the original order see CJ, iii, p. 16 (reproduced in Husbands, Exact collection, p. 956). Husbands also published as Husband – I have followed the spelling on this publication since it is the one which I have discussed in detail. I am grateful to Jason Peacey, on whose knowledge much of this paragraph is based, for discussing Husbands with me.

26. Quoted from Husbands, Exact collection, p. 932. See A&O, I, p. 85.

27. See above, p. 414.

28. Gardiner, I, pp. 100–102.

29. CJ, iii, p. 57; Spraggon, Puritan Iconoclasm, pp. 71–3.

30. Spraggon, Puritan Iconoclasm,