God's Fury, England's Fire_ A New History of the English Civil Wars - Michael J. Braddick [397]
47. A great vvonder, p. 4. For an example from Austria during the Thirty Years War see Jankovic, ‘Sky battles’, p. 432.
48. A great vvonder, p. 4; The New Yeares wonder, p. 4.
49. A great vvonder, p. 4.
50. Ibid., p. 7.
51. Richard Williams, Peace, and No Peace (London, 1643), Thomason date 5 January 1643.
52. David Wootton, ‘From Rebellion to Revolution: The Crisis of the Winter of 1642/3 and the Origins of Civil War Radicalism’, reprinted in Richard Cust and Ann Hughes (eds.), The English Civil War (London, 1997), pp. 340–56. For Baxter’s views see pp. 341–3, 347–8. For Baxter’s career see N. H. Keeble, ‘Baxter, Richard (1615–1691)’, ODNB, 4, pp. 418–33.
53. Wootton, ‘Rebellion to Revolution’, pp. 345–6.
54. Ibid., p. 346.
55. Ibid., pp. 347–9.
56. Ibid., p. 351.
57. Quentin Skinner, ‘Rethinking Political Liberty’, History Workshop Journal, 61 (2006), 156–70; and more generally, Quentin Skinner, ‘Classical Liberty and the Coming of the English Civil War’, in Martin Van Gelderen and Quentin Skinner (eds.), Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage, vol. 2: The Values of Republicanism in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 2002), pp. 9–28.
58. Quoted in Patricia Crawford, ‘Charles Stuart, That Man of Blood’, reprinted in Peter Gaunt (ed.), The English Civil War (Oxford, 2000), pp. 303–23, at p. 310.
59. Gardiner, I, ch. 4; Smith, Constitutional Royalism, pp. 112–13. For the text see Gardiner, CD, pp. 262–7.
60. Smith, Constitutional Royalism, pp. 113–15.
61. Lindley, Popular Politics, pp. 177–9, 345–8; See also Gardiner, I, pp. 82–3.
62. Gardiner, I, pp. 98–103.
63. Wootton, ‘Rebellion to Revolution’, p. 353 n. 9, citing the distinction made by Skinner, between motives and intentions: Quentin Skinner, ‘Motives, Intentions and the Interpretation of Texts’, reprinted in James Tully (ed.), Meaning and Context: Quentin Skinner and His Critics (Princeton, NJ, 1988), pp. 68–78.
9. Military Escalation, Loyalty and Honour
1. David Cressy, Agnes Bowker’s Cat: Travesties and Transgressions in Tudor and Stuart England (Oxford, 2000), ch. 14, quotations at pp. 247, 248. See also Julie Spraggon, Puritan Iconoclasm in the English Civil War (Woodbridge, 2003), pp. 42–6; Nicola Smith, The Royal Image and the English People (Aldershot, 2001), ch. 2; Margaret Aston, ‘Iconoclasm in England: Official and Clandestine’, reprinted in Peter Marshall (ed.), The Impact of the English Reformation 1500–1640 (London, 1997), pp. 167–92, esp. pp. 183–5.
2. Cressy, Agnes Bowker’s Cat, quotations at pp. 238, 239. For the social geography of Cheapside and the politics of its physical appearance See also Paul Griffiths, ‘Politics Made Visible: Order, Residence and Uniformity in Cheapside, 1600–45’, in Paul Griffiths and Mark S. R. Jenner (eds.), Londinopolis: Essays in the Cultural and Social History of Early Modern London (Manchester, 2000), pp. 176–96
3. Cressy, Agnes Bowker’s Cat, quotation at p. 246. For the controversy in 1641 see above, p. 145.
4. Peter Young and Richard Holmes, The English Civil War: A Military History of the Three Civil Wars 1642–1651 (Ware, 2000), pp. 91–4.
5. Quoted in ibid., p. 102.
6. Ibid., pp. 102–11, 122.
7. Ibid., pp. 113–14.
8. Ibid., pp. 115–22.
9. Gardiner, I, p. 67; Young and Holmes accepted the case: English Civil War, p. 98, and for the royalist command see pp. 54–7. For scepticism about royal strategy, and a more positive view of parliamentary strategy, see Ian Roy, ‘The Royalist Army in the First Civil War’, unpublished D.Phil. thesis, Oxford (1963), ch. 2, esp. p. 74; Malcolm Wanklyn and Frank Jones, A Military History of the English Civil War, 1642–1646: Strategy and Tactics (Harlow, 2005), pp. 23, 43, 82, 92–4.
10. Nigel Smith, Literature and Revolution in England 1640–1660 (New Haven, Conn., 1994), p. 64. Bruno Ryves noted, apparently neutrally, that Brooke was shot in the eye on St Chad’s Day. The cathedral is named for St Chad, the first holder of the see: [Bruno Ryves], Micro-chronicon (London, 1647), unpaginated, under the heading 21 April 1643.
11. Young and Holmes, English Civil