• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

28. Donald Pennington, ‘The War and the People’, in John Morrill (ed.), Reactions to the English Civil War 1642–1649 (Basingstoke, 1982), pp. 115–35, esp. pp. 127–30; Morrill, Revolt in the Provinces, 2nd edn, pp. 120–21.

29. John Morrill, Cheshire 1630–1660: County Government and Society during the English Revolution (Oxford, 1974), pp. 107–11; Morrill, Revolt in the Provinces, 2nd edn, pp. 120–21; See also Carlton, Going to the Wars, pp. 281–2; Peter Edwards, Dealing in Death: The Arms Trade and the British Civil Wars, 1638-52 (Stroud, 2000), pp. 63–4; A. R. Warmington, Civil War, Interregnum and Restoration in Gloucestershire 1640–1672 (Woodbridge, 1997), pp. 71–4; Bennett, Civil Wars Experienced. Quarter was not unregulated, even if it was unpaid – it was distinct from plunder. For evidence of local agreements see TNA, SP24/47 petition of farmers of Surrey; SP24/57 petition of Joane Johnson. The costs of quarter outlasted the war: Mary Coate, Cornwall in the Great Civil War and Interregnum 1642–1660: A Social and Political Study (Oxford, 1933), pp. 223–4.

30. Hughes, Warwickshire, p. 256. See also Martyn Bennett, ‘Contribution and Assessment: Financial Exactions and the English Civil War, 1642–1646’, War and Society, 4 (1986), I–II.

31. Philip Tennant, ‘Parish and People: South Warwickshire in the Civil War’, reprinted in Richardson (ed.), Local Aspects, pp. 157–86.

32. TNA, SP24/47 petition of John Fettiplace. For these disputes and their implications see Ann Hughes, ‘Parliamentary Tyranny? Indemnity Proceedings and the Impact of the Civil War: A Case Study from Warwickshire’, Midland History, 11 (1986), 49–78.

33. Ian Roy, ‘The Royalist Army in the First Civil War’, unpublished D.Phil. thesis, Oxford (1963), pp. 138–9, 247–62; Carlton, Going to the Wars, pp. 188–9. For resentment of Goring see David Underdown, Somerset in the Civil War and Interregnum (Newton Abbot, 1973), chs. 4–5.

34. Edwards, Dealing in Death, ch. 4; for the supply of the New Model See also Ian Gentles, The New Model Army in England, Ireland and Scotland, 1645–53 (Oxford, 1992), pp. 40–47. For the royalists see Roy, ‘Royalist Army’; Ian Roy (ed.), The Royalist Ordnance Papers, 1642–1646, 2 vols., Oxfordshire Record Society, 43, 49 (Oxford, 1964, 1975).

35. Edwards, Dealing in Death, pp. 69, 71, 75.

36. Donald Woodward, ‘Wage Rates and Living Standards in pre-Industrial England’, PP, 91 (1981), 28–46; Woodward, Men at Work: Labourers and Building Craftsmen in the Towns of Northern England, 1450–1750 (Cambridge, 1995).

37. Edwards, Dealing in Death, ch. 5.

38. Ibid., p. 136. For the following paragraph See also Pennington, ‘War and the People’, pp. 125–7.

39. Edwards, Dealing in Death, ch. 7.

40. Ibid., ch. 9; for Bateman and carriers’ pay see ibid., pp. 228–9. In 1642 half of the Yorkshire gentry (relatively poor by national standards) had an income below £250 p.a.; in East Anglia in the 1630s the owner of 1,000 sheep (a pretty substantial operation) might make an annual profit of £140: Christopher Clay (ed.), Chapters from the Agrarian History of England and Wales (general editor Joan Thirsk), vol. 2; Rural Society: Land owners, Peasants and Labourers 1500–1750 (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 56, 60. Cromwell was worth around £100 p.a. at the beginning of the 1630s, £300 by the end. The latter represented a respectable income for a Justice of the Peace: John Morrill, ‘The Making of Oliver Cromwell’, in John Morrill (ed.), Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution (Harlow, 1990), pp. 19–48, at pp. 21–2.

41. John Morrill, ‘Introduction’, in Morrill (ed.), The Impact of the English Civil War (London, 1991), pp. 8–19, at p. 9.

42. Gentles, New Model Army, p. 40 and table 2.1; for the size of the royalist army at this point see above, p. 391.

43. Gentles, New Model Army, pp. 47–8.

44. For the reluctance of the royalists to use conscription, and the disappointing results when they did, see Roy, ‘Royalist Army’, pp. 185–9. There was little need for either side to resort to conscription in the Midland counties other