God's Fury, England's Fire_ A New History of the English Civil Wars - Michael J. Braddick [423]
8. J. C. Davis, ‘The Levellers and Christianity’, reprinted in Peter Gaunt (ed.), The English Civil War (Oxford, 2000), pp. 279–302; Rachel Foxley, ‘Citizenship and the English Nation in Leveller Thought, 1642–1653’, unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge (2001), ch. 2; Rachel Foxley, ‘John Lilburne and the Citizenship of “free-born Englishmen”’, HJ, 47 (2004), 849–74.
9. Brailsford, Levellers, p. xi; Frank, Levellers, pp. 51–2.
10. Brailsford, Levellers, p. xi. It is presumed in Gregg, Free-Born John, chs. 13–21.
11. Frank, Levellers, pp. 53–4; Brailsford, Levellers, pp. 53–4.
12. For a more cautious account of their relationship with democratic ideas see Wootton, ‘Leveller Democracy’. For their relationship with the New Model Army see above, pp. 486–90, 508–9.
13. Frank, Levellers, p. 55.
14. Frank, Levellers, pp. 57–60; See also Andrew Sharp, ‘John Liburne and the Long Parliament’s Book of Declarations: A Radical’s Exploitation of the Words of Authorities’, History of Political Thought, 9 (1988), 19–44; Andrew Sharp, ‘John Lilburne’s Discourse of Law’, Political Science, 40:1 (1988), 18–33. For the Exact collection see above, pp. 272–3.
15. Frank, a believer in the usefulness of the term ‘movement’, thinks that the birth of the Leveller party was still two years away at this point: Levellers, p. 52.
16. Ann Hughes, Gangraena and the Struggle for the English Revolution (Oxford, 2004), esp. pp. 22–49; P. R. S. Baker, ‘Edwards, Thomas (c. 1599–1648)’, ODNB, 17, pp. 965–8. See above, pp. 337–40.
17. Hughes, Gangraena, pp. 42–9, 131–7; Baker, ‘Edwards’.
18. Hughes, Gangraena, esp. pp. 223–41, 333–67; Baker, ‘Edwards’. For London politics and the remonstrance see Ian Gentles, ‘The Struggle for London in the Second Civil War’, HJ, 26 (1983), 277–305, esp. p. 280.
19. Hughes, Gangraena, pp. 151–69, 241–76, 305–8, 432–5.
20. Ibid., pp. 2–4; Baker, ‘Edwards’. For the exchanges between Edwards and Walwyn, and Edwards’s portrayal of Walwyn, Overton and Lilburne, see Frank, Levellers, pp. 69–76; Brailsford, Levellers, pp. 36–42.
21. The classic study is Christopher Hill, The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas during the English Revolution (Harmondsworth, 1972): ‘Now that the Protestant ethic itself, the greatest achievement of European bourgeois society in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, is at last being questioned after a rule of three or four centuries, we can study with a new sympathy the Diggers, the Ranters, and the many other daring thinkers who in the seventeenth century refused to bow down and worship it’, p. 15.
22. For these arguments See also Michael J. Braddick, ‘The English Revolution and Its Legacies’, in Nicholas Tyacke (ed.), The English Revolution c. 1590–1720 (forthcoming, Manchester). In addition to the works cited there, they are particularly informed by the approach of Hughes, Gangraena; Ann Hughes, ‘The Meanings of Religious Polemic’, in Francis J. Bremer (ed.), Puritanism: Transatlantic Perspectives on a Seventeenth-Century Anglo-American Faith (Boston, Mass., 1993), pp. 201–29; Steven Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago, 1994).
23. A point made by Glenn Burgess, ‘The Impact on Political Thought: Rhetorics for Troubled Times’, in John Morrill (ed.), The Impact of the English Civil War (London, 1991), pp. 67–83, esp. pp. 67–8. For rhetorical creativity in radical religious writing see Nigel Smith, Perfection Proclaimed: Language and Literature in English Radical Religion, 1640–1660 (Oxford, 1989); more generally, Nigel Smith, Literature and Revolution in England, 1640–1660 (New Haven, Conn., 1994); Elizabeth Skerpan, The Rhetoric of Politics in the English Revolution, 1642–1660 (Columbia, Mo., 1992).
24. See above, pp. 197–9, 207.
25. The manuscript copy, dated June 1646, is in HEH, HM 30303; for the published version see Josiah