God's Fury, England's Fire_ A New History of the English Civil Wars - Michael J. Braddick [425]
40. For the Society of Astrologers see Patrick Curry, Prophecy and Power: Astrology in Early Modern England (Princeton, 1989), pp. 40–44; Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century England (Harmondsworth, 1991 edn), quotation at p. 340.
41. In addition to Webster, Advancement, and Webster, Great Instauration, see, for the woollen tank, Timothy Raylor, ‘Providence and Technology in the English Civil War: Edmund Felton and his Engine’, Renaissance Studies, 7:4 (1993), 398–413, and for the saltpetre project Thomas Leng, Benjamin Worsley (1618–1677): Commerce, Colonisation and the Fate of Universal Reform (Woodbridge, forthcoming). The torpedo was tested in 1655: John T. Young, Faith, Medical Alchemy, and Natural Philosophy: Johann Moriaen, Reformed Intelligencer and the Hartlib Circle (Aldershot, 1998), pp. 55–7. I am grateful to Tom Leng for this reference. For the failure of policies of agricultural improvement in this period see Joan Thirsk, ‘Agrarian Problems and the English Revolution’, in R. C. Richardson (ed.), Town and Countryside in the English Revolution (Manchester, 1992), pp. 169–97.
42. [Samuel Hartlib], The Parliaments Reformation (London, 1646), Thomason date 6 August 1646, quotations at pp. 1, 6. The pamphlet is reprinted in Webster, Advancement, pp. 111–18.
43. Ibid., p. 5. For the grant see Webster, Advancement, p. 49. The pamphlet is sub-titled Or a Worke for Presbyters, Elders, and Deacons, to Engage themselves, for the Education of all poore Children, and imployment of all sorts of poore, that no poore body young nor old may be enforced to beg within their Classes in City nor Country. See also Samuel Hartlib, Londons Charitie Stilling The Poore Orphans Cry (London, 1649); Hartlib, Londons Charity inlarged (London, 1650). This later scheme is discussed in Paul Slack, From Reformation to Improvement: Public Welfare in Early Modern England (Oxford, 1998), pp. 85–7.
44. Webster, Advancement, p. 49; Turnbull, Hartlib, pp. 48–51; for the Navigation Act and Down survey see Leng, Worsley.
45. Webster, Advancement, pp. 25–6. For Culpeper’s politics see Culpeper Letters, pp. 105–402.
46. For Puritanism and science see Webster, Great Instauration, pp. xxi-xl, and the many works cited there. For Richard Wiseman see Severall Chirurgicall Treatises (London, 1676 edn); for dissection see Lisa Jardine, On a Grander Scale: The Outstanding Career of Sir Christopher Wren (London, 2002), pp. 55–7; for problems in the supply of corpses during the seventeenth century see Jonathan Sawday, The Body Emblazoned: Dissection and the Human Body in Renaissance Culture (London, 1996 edn), pp. 54–9; for Hobbes see Timothy Raylor, ‘Thomas Hobbes and “The Mathematical Demonstration of the Sword”’ Seventeenth Century, 15 (2000), 175–98; for developments in nursing see Eric Gruber von Arni, Justice to the Maimed Soldier: Nursing, Medical Care and Welfare for the Sick and Wounded Soldiers and Their Families during the English Civil Wars and Interregnum, 1642–1660 (Aldershot, 2001).
47. Robert Brenner, Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London’s Overseas Traders, 1550–1653 (Cambridge, 1993), esp. chs. 8–13; for the Council of Trade and the Navigation Act see Leng, Worsley. This is discussed above, pp. 587–8.
48. For a brief introduction see Noel Malcolm, ‘Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679)’, ODNB, 27, pp. 385–95; Noel Malcolm, Aspects of Hobbes (Oxford, 2002), ch. 1.
49. For the censorship ordinance see above, pp. 294–5; Debora Shuger, Censorship and Cultural Sensibility: The Regulation of Language in Tudor-Stuart England