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(Philadelphia, 2006), addresses the whole question of censorship in terms of civility rather than the nature of the views expressed; See also David Cressy, ‘Book Burning in Tudor and Stuart England’, Sixteenth Century Journal, 36 (2005), 359–74. For secrecy at the lower levels of government see Paul Griffiths, ‘Secrecy and Authority in Late Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century London’, HJ, 40 (1997), 925–51; See also the Swallowfield articles, reprinted in Steve Hindle, ‘Hierarchy and Community in the Elizabethan Parish: The Swallowfield Articles of 1596’, HJ, 42 (1999), 835–51, at p. 851 (article 26). For the ritual of burning see above, pp. 278–9.

50. For Dering see above, pp. 195–6, 278; for the Book of Sports see above, pp. 277–81; for Williams see above, p. 341; for the catechism see above, p. 373; for the Scots’ declarations see above, p. 471. For fuller discussion see Ariel Hessayon, ‘Incendiary Texts: Radicalism and Book Burning in England, c. 1640-c. 1660’, unpublished paper. I am grateful to Ariel Hessayon for allowing me to see this paper, and to Brian Cummings and Jason Peacey for discussing this issue with me.

51. Compare the texts of the R. Ram, The souldiers catechisme, 7th edn (1645) and R. Ram, The soldiers catechisme, 8th edition (1645); the title pages are otherwise indistinguishable. For the order for the burning of the soldiers’ catechism published in Oxford ‘counterfeiting that at London’, see The Kingdomes VVeekly Intelligencer, no. 111, 29 July-6 August 1645, p. 887. It is also reported in The Weekly Account, 31 July-6 August 1645, pp. [5–6].

52. John Milton, Areopagitica (London, 1644), see above, pp. 341–3.

53. Ann Hughes, ‘Parliamentary Tyranny? Indemnity Proceedings and the Impact of the Civil War: A Case Study from Warwickshire’, Midland History, 11 (1986), 49–78.

54. TNA SP24/76 petition of Anne Smith. We might perhaps detect in the latter argument the hand of a lawyer or advocate.

55. TNA SP24/38 petition of William Caswall; SP24/57 petition of Thomas Johnson; SP24/57 petition of Thomas Jones. See also Ann Hughes, Politics, Society and Civil War in Warwickshire, 1620–1660 (Cambridge, 1987), pp. 203–8, 289–90; David Underdown, ‘“Honest” Radicals in the Counties, 1642–1649’, in Donald Pennington and Keith Thomas (eds.), Puritans and Revolutionaries: Essays in Seventeenth-Century History Presented to Christopher Hill (Oxford, 1978), pp. 186–205; David Underdown, Revel, Riot and Rebellion: Popular Politics and Culture in England, 1603–1660 (Oxford, 1985), pp. 217–20; Michael J. Braddick, Parliamentary Taxation in Seventeenth-Century England: Local Administration and Response (Woodbridge, 1994), pp. 152–6; David Scott, ‘Politics and Government in York 1640–1662’, in Richardson (ed.), Town and Countryside, pp. 46–68, esp. pp. 56–7; for the self-conscious adoption of this identity among those active for Parliament see William Cliftlands, ‘The “Well-Affected” and the “Country”: Politics and Religion in English Provincial Society, c. 1640–1654’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Essex (1987).

56. TNA SP24/47 petition of William Flacke.

57. TNA SP24/76 petition of Francis Smith. Smith was being sued by a bookseller in Bury who had ordered the prayer book.

58. TNA SP24/57 petition of William Jackson; SP24/38 petition of Richard Carr (seven to eight years and for costs); SP24/76 Thomas Smallwood and Elizabeth Kent (three years); Hughes, ‘Parliamentary Tyranny?’, pp. 58–9, 64, 68. For the persistence of these partisan conflicts See also Ian Roy, ‘The City of Oxford 1640–1660’, in Richardson (ed.), Town and Countryside, pp. 130–68, at pp. 156–60.

59. TNA SP24/57 petition of the ‘well-affected inhabitants’ of St Ives. See also, for example, SP24/76 petition of John Smith; SP24/47 petition of the inhabitants of Farringdon Without (including Praisegod Barebon). Such cases are discussed by Robert Ashton, Counter-Revolution: The Second Civil War and Its Origins, 1646–1648 (New Haven, Conn., 1994), pp. 215–23; Hughes, ‘Parliamentary Tyranny?’, p. 62; A. R. Warmington, Civil War, Interregnum and Restoration in