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in the course of the seventeenth century, see J. Styles and A. Vickery (eds), Gender, Taste, and Material Culture in Britain and North America, 1700–1830 (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2006).

2 See H.J. Louw, ‘Anglo–Netherlandish architectural interchange c.1600–c.1660’, Architectural History 24 (1981), 1–23.

3 See PRO, WORK 5/2; D. Knoop and G.P. Jones, The London Mason in the Seventeenth Century (1935), 71; H. Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840, 3rd edn (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995), p.299.

4 K. Ottenheym, ‘“Possessed by such a passion for building”, Frederik Hendrik and architecture’, in Keblusek and Zijlmans, Princely Display, pp.105–25; p.110.

5 ‘[13?] November 1635’. Worp, letter 1301.

6 ‘Au camp soubs Philippine, le 2e de Juillet 1639’ (Worp, letter 2149), and 14 November 1639 (Worp, letter 2272).

7 See K.A Ottenheym, ‘De correspondentie tussen Rubens en Huygens over architectuur (1635–40)’, Bulletin Koninklijke Nederlandse Oudheidkundige Bond 1997, pp.1–11.

8 Utricia Swann sang at Hofwijk in 1642, and Huygens wrote a poem of lavish praise of her singing, which put the nightingale to shame. T. van Strien and K. van der Leer, Hofwijk: Het gedicht en de buitenplaats van Constantijn Huygens (Zutphen: Walborg Pers, 2002), pp.82–3.

9 See Koen Ottenheym, ‘“Possessed by such a passion for building”: Frederik Hendrik and Architecture’, in Keblusek and Zijlmans, Princely Display, pp.105–25.

10 Ibid., pp.121–5. See also J. Adamson (ed.), The Princely Courts of Europe 1500–1750 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999), p.130.

11 See L. Worsley, ‘“His magnificent buildings”: William Cavendish’s patronage of architecture’, in Beneden and de Poorter, Royalist Refugees, pp.101–4.

12 See above, Chapter 3. See also Held, ‘Huygens and Baerle’, p.662.

13 See P. Geyl, ‘Frederick Henry of Orange and King Charles I’, English Historical Review 38 (1923), 355–83; 364.

14 15 February 1651. Worp, letter 5100.

15 To Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia. Worp, letter 5323. See also K. van der Leer, Hofwijk: Het gedicht en de buitenplaats van Constantijn Huygens (Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2002), p.89.

16 S. Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age (1987).

17 P. Davidson and A. van der Weel (eds and trans.), A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens (1596–1687) (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1996), p.137.

18 Ibid.

19 Ibid., p.139.

20 Ibid., pp.151–3.

21 2 June 1682. Worp, letter 7188.

22 Cit. Sellers, Courtly Gardens in Holland, p.107.

23 Huygens to Utricia, Hofwijck, 5/15 September 1653.

24 R. Strong, The Artist and the Garden (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000), pp.183–5.

25 A.G.H. Bachrach and R.G. Collmer (eds), Lodewijk Huygens: The English Journal 1651–1652 (Leiden: E.J. Brill/Leiden University Press, 1982), pp.132–3.

26 A. Mollet, Le Jardin de Plaisir, contenant plusieurs desseins de Jardinage tant Parterres en Broderie, Compartiments de gazon, que Eosquers, & autres (Stockholm: Henry Kayler, 1651), fol. D4v (author’s translation).

27 See L. Pattacini, ‘André Mollet, Royal gardener in St James’s Park, London’, Garden History 26 (1998), 3–18.

28 Sellers, Courtly Gardens in Holland, p.170.

29 Cit. J.D. Hunt, ‘Anglo–Dutch garden art’, in D. Hoak and M. Feingold (eds), The World of William and Mary: Anglo–Dutch Perspectives on the Revolution of 1688–89 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), pp.196–7.

30 Cit. ibid., p.195.

31 Cit. Davidson and van der Weel, A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens, p.199.

32 J. Evelyn, Sylva (1664), p.115, cit. S.M. Couch, ‘The practice of avenue planting in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries’, Garden History 20 (1992), 173–200; 176.

33 Evelyn, Sylva (1644), p.13.

34 Christiaan Huygens, Oeuvres Complètes 4, p.176.

35 14/24 September 1676. Worp, letter 7032.

36 This is the