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and formation of state government, 256

and Great Awakening, 157, 158

and King’s College, 180-82, 208-9

and loyalism, 220, 221

and politics, 179-82

in post-revolutionary New York, 256, 269

and ratification of Constitution, 291

in revolutionary New York, 208-9

Scotch-Irish as, 479

taxes for, 133. See also Church of England; Episcopalians

Trinity church Anglo-Dutch relations: and Duke of York, 70-74

and Evertsen’s capture of New York, 82-83

and Fletcher’s administration, 105

and Glorious Revolution, 95

and New York as proprietorship, 78

and Parliament, 83

peace treaty in, 83

and religion, 95

and slave trade, 71

and Stuyvesant’s administration, 63-66, 67-68, 70-74

and trade, 71, 82

and West India Company, 73-74. See also Anglo-Dutch War

Anglo-Dutch War, 78, 82-83

Anglo-French relations: and Canada, 117, 191

and Caribbean, 191

in colonial New York, 116-17

and League of Augsburg, 96, 100–101

and merchants, 116-17

and party politics in England, 112

and piracy, 113

and Queen Anne’s War, 116

as threat to New York, 92–93, 96, 100-101

Animals, 786-87, 976. See also Horses; Pigs

Ann Street, 176, 407, 481, 543, 576, 620, 644, 827, 943, 1014

Ann Street Episcopal Church, 481

Annexed District, 1054, 1055, 1108

Anniversary Day (May 12), 316, 318

Anshe Chesed Jews, 481

Anthony Street, 400, 476, 480, 484, 558, 776. See also

Worth Street Anti-authoritarianism, 209, 213

Anti-Catholicism: in colonial New York, 135

in 1830s, 542, 544-45, 540, 551, 555-56, 574

in late nineteenth century, 1162

in mid-nineteenth century, 631-33, 749, 752, 828, 829, 831

Anti-Income Tax Association of New York, 951

Anti-Leislerians, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112, 113, 116

Anti-Poverty Society, 1107, 1176

Anti-Semitism, 135, 1086, 1088

Anti-Slavery Society, 818-19

Anticipation bonds, 826-27

Anticlericalism, 509, 510-11

Antifederalists, 292-93, 295, 304. See also Whigs; specific person

Antigua, 119, 147, 164. See also Leeward Islands

Antique collecting, 1086

Apartments, 392, 393, 971-72, 1078-79, 1080, 1107, 1123

Apollo Association, 687

Apollo Gallery, 687

Appleton and Company, 441, 682, 687, 933, 1093

Appomattox, 904

Apprentices: authority of masters toward, 142-44

blacks as, 554

boardinghouses for, 442

in colonial New York, 101, 130, 140, 142-44, 188, 190

decline of, 779

and Democratic-Republicans, 319, 320

disciplining of, 93, 143

and Dutch, 143

in early nineteenth century, 314, 316, 319, 320, 346, 442, 443, 486, 501, 515

and economy in colonial New York, 192

in 1830s, 554

entertainment for, 404, 486

and Great Awakening, 158

holidays for, 190

and immigrants, 130

and law and order, 143

in mid-nineteenth century, 664, 779

in New Amsterdam, 44-45

in proprietary New York, 88, 93

regulation of, 101

in revolutionary New York, 214

rights and responsibilities of, 143

runaway, 214

schools for, 143

in 1790s and early 1800s, 392, 402

and Sons of Liberty, 201

and taxes, 88

young girls as, 798

Apprentices’ Library, 498, 581

Arbeiter Union, 986, 988

Architects, 968, 1075, 1076, 1080, 1086

Architectural Iron Works, 660

Architectural League of New York, 1076

Architecture: and Châteaux Country, 1075–80, 1086

in colonial New York, 176-77

and development of financial district, 940-41

in early nineteenth century, 344, 438, 446, 466-67

in 1830s, 599-600

and elevators, 940-41, 943

Federal-style, 344, 372, 374-75

and Good Government, 1200

Greek revival, 446, 466-67

and housing, 1200

in late nineteenth century, 1173, 1200

in mid-nineteenth century, 658-59

of office buildings, 940-41, 942-43, 1049-53

in 1790s and early 1800s, 369, 372, 374-75, 388

and Social Gospel, 1173

of tenements, 1173. See also Architects; specific architect

Arena saloon, 635

Armories, 1037-38, 1110

Army: Civil War, 868-72, 875, 879-82, 887, 888, 895, 897-99, 900, 902, 967, 1031

and class issues, 881-82

desertions from, 880, 881, 888

draft for, 882, 887-99,