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Lexington Street, 889, 930, 982, 1037, 1119

Lexow Committee, 1192-93, 1201, 1231

Libel: seditious, 210, 211-12

and Zenger case, 153–55

Liberal Republicans, 1011

Libertarians, 152

Liberty Boys, 203, 205, 207, 211, 215, 225, 227

Liberty Party, 857

Liberty Street, 108, 363, 808. See also Crown Street

Libraries, 378, 512, 561, 683, 778, 782, 1115

Library of American Books, 687, 701

Licensing: of butchers, 355

of cartmen, 101, 183, 356, 451, 521, 825

in colonial New York, 101, 111, 124

in early nineteenth century, 451, 520, 521

in 1830s, 608

of ferries, 368, 580-81

in mid-nineteenth century, 632, 825

and “Montgomerie Charter,” 139

in New Amsterdam, 47

of physicians, 968

in post-revolutionary New York, 267

and Tammany, 825

for taverns, 58, 111, 124, 144, 183-84, 485, 825, 838

Life insurance companies, 939-40

Life in London (Egan), 691

Lighthouse, 1158

Lighting. See Electricity; Street lighting

Lincoln’s Funeral, 904-5

Lindenmuller’s Odeon, 741

Linnean Botanic Gardens, 179

Liquor: and blacks, 160

and catering to women, 815

city income from, 486

and city-state relations, 841

and class issues, 485-86

and consumerism, 879

in early nineteenth century, 485-86, 521, 532

and entertainment, 1142

and fines for public drunkenness, 111

and first Labor Day parade, 1091

and Good Government, 1202–3, 1206

and holidays, 485

and immigrants, 741

and Indians, 37, 54, 58

Kieft limits sale of, 35

in late nineteenth century, 1142, 1162, 1164-65, 1202–3, 1206

in mid-nineteenth century, 628-29, 741, 815, 823, 841

and morality, 1162, 1164-65

in New Amsterdam, 33, 35, 46, 54, 66

prices of, 485

profits from, 33

in revolutionary New York, 229

in 1790s and early 1800s, 405

and slaves, 146

and Sunday closings, 521

and Tammany, 823

taxes on, 46, 64, 66

and working class, 485. See also Beer gardens/halls

Breweries/brewers

Distilleries

Drinking clubs

Sunday closing laws

Taverns

Temperance Liquor Dealers Protective Union, 777

Liquor Excise Law (1857), 838

Lispenard Meadows, 359, 480

Lispenard Street, 561, 807

Literary and Philosophical Society, 467, 470, 494

Literary and scientific societies, 174, 385. See also specific society

Literature: depression, 616

in early nineteenth century, 415-19

in 1830s, 616

in late nineteenth century, 996-98

men in women’s, 799

in mid-nineteenth century, 699, 798-99

and nationalism, 418

Realism in, 697

in 1790s and early 1800s, 406-7

for women, 708-99

women in, 406-7, 699. See also Guidebooks/commentaries; specific author

Little Africa, 1123

Little Dock Street. See Water Street

Little Prince Street, 108

Little Queen Street, 363

Little Water Street, 392

Little’s Tavern, 314

Livermore, Clews and Company, 876

Livingston faction, 181, 200, 202, 207-8, 209, 213, 215, 216, 221, 331, 608

Llewellyn Park, 718

Lloyd steamship line, 739

Loan Office certificates, 271

Local government: counties as basis of, 91-92

and Dominion of New England, 96

and Duke’s Laws, 81

on Long Island, 85

for New Netherland, 63-67

popular election of officials for, 231

and proprietary New York, proprietary New York, 78, 79, 80-81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 90

Quakers on, 61

rebel activity on, 246

religion on, 59

settlement of, 28, Municipal government Loco Focos, 609, 610, 613, 615, 618, 622, 630, 705, 706, 849, 989

Locomotive Engine shop, 567

London Theatre, 1140

Loneliness, 694

Long Bridge Boys, 162, 164

Long Island: Anabaptists settle on, 40

and Anglo-Dutch relations, 72

Assembly delegates from, 66, 71-72

Battle of, 253

blacks on, 248

and British return to New York, 228, 233, 235, 236-37, 243

British troops on, 254, 255

British withdrawal from, 259

and city-state relations, 837

and Consolidation, 1224

creation of counties on, 91-92

and Duke’s Laws, 81

Dutch culture on, 90, 105, 136

in early nineteenth century, 431

English settlements/towns on, 37, 40, 61,