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Phoenix Bank, 446, 467

Phoenix Society of New York, 551

Phonograph, 1062

Photography, 688-90, 947, 1181, 1182

Phyn and Ellice, 272

Physicians: and abortion, 808, 809-10

blacks as, 856, 980

and childbirth, 799-800

in colonial New york, 126

education of, 1086

in 1830s, 590-94, 608

as grave robbers, 386-87

as immigrants, 800

in late eighteenth century, 386-87

in late nineteenth century, 968, 980

licensing of, 92, 608, 968

in mid-nineteenth century, 789, 790-800, 808, 809-10, 856

as philosophes, 376

as professionals, 968

in 1790s and early 1800s, 357, 376, 382

women as, 709-800, 980

workplace of, 142. See also specific person

Piano ferry, 938

Pianoforte Manufacturers Association, 901

Pianos, 660, 741, 884, 901, 904, 947, 969-70, 986, 1012

The Picture of New York (Mitchill), 385

Pier 36, 884

Pietism, 209

Pig War, 38

Pig and Whistle Tavern, 389

Pigs, 477, 388, 698, 747, 786, 1117

Pig’s Alley, 747

Pilgrims, 16

Pimps, 807

Pine Apple Tavern, 188

Pine Street, 363, 437, 468, 576, 683, 865, 868, 904, 1036, 1041

Pinkertons, 1096, 1097, 1136

Pirates, 66, 121

Pitkin Avenue, 1117

Pitt Street, 364, 745

Players Club, 1150

Plays: first American, 132

Plaza Hotel, 1077, 1078

Pleasure gardens, 176, 300, 585-86, 793, 1137, 1147

Plug Uglies, 633

Plumbers, 904, 1012

Plymouth Church, 729-30, 775, 859, 864, 976, 1014, 1018, 1036, 1170

Plymouth colony, 23, 29, 37

Poe’s New York, 700–702

Poetry: first New Amsterdam, 52

Poles, 1117, 1119, 1126

Police: and abolitionists, 557, 558, 561

and amusement centers, 1134

annual appointment of, 825, 829

Bicycle Squad of, 1201

and British occupation of New York, 249, 250

in Brooklyn, 1192, 1202

and business community, 1099

and centennial commemorations, 1086

and city-state relations, 838-40, 841

during Civil War, 873, 884, 889, 890, 892, 896, 897

in colonial New York, 142

and confederate plot against New York, 903

and Consolidation, 1224, 1231, 1236

corruption of, 636, 637, 1001, 1192-93, 1202, 1231

and Crash of 1873, 1023-27, 1036

divisiveness among, 838-39

and draft riots, 889, 890, 892

drafting of, 896

in early nineteenth century, 485, 516

in 1830s, 557, 558, 605, 606, 611

and elections of 1864, 902

and flour riot, 611

and gangs, 998-99

and Good Government, 1192-93, 1201

as guards at social events, 1073

Irish as, 832, 1192

in late nineteenth century, 959, 998-99, 1001, 1006-8, 1010, 1013, 1023, 1025-27, 1030, 1032, 1036, 1062, 1066, 1073, 1086, 1095, 1096, 1098, 1099, 1110, 1134, 1160, 1163, 1164, 1167, 1168, 1180, 1181, 1192-93, 1201–2

and Lincoln’s funeral procession, 905

and Lind’s concert, 815

and mayor, 838-39

in mid-nineteenth century, 635-38, 641, 676, 684, 748, 771, 775, 777, 780, 786, 807, 815, 825, 827, 829, 830, 832, 835, 838-40, 841, 848, 850

militia as, 636-37

and morality, 775, 777, 1160, 1163, 1164, 1167, 1168

and nativism, 638

in New Amsterdam, 45

newspaper coverage of, 641, 684

and Orange parade, 1006-8

and organized labor, 1013

and Panic of 1857, 850

permanent tenure for, 829

and politics, 636, 638, 1009

professionalization of, 635-38

and prostitutes, 485, 807

and reform, 829, 830

and Rogers’ murder, 637-38

and Roosevelt’s crackdown, 1201-2

and runaway slaves, 561

and sanitation, 786

in 1790s and early 1800s, 368

shelter for homeless provided by, 748, 1023, 1032, 1160, 1180, 1201

and Social Gospel, 1180, 1181

and strikes, 516, 605, 606, 771, 884, 1013, 1036, 1095, 1096, 1098, 1192, 1201-2

and Tammany, 825, 827

and telegraph, 676

and Tompkins Square rally, 1025-27

and toppling of Tweed, 1010

uniforms for, 638

and utilities, 1062, 1066

and vagrancy, 485, 780, 1030, 1201

and Wood, 832, 835. See also Constabulary

Law and order

Sheriff

Watchmen

Police Board, 1025, 1169, 1201

Polish Legion, 870

Political clubs: annual dances of, 816

Political gangs, 823-24

Political parties, 320, 822. See also Tammany; specific party