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development of, 583

and Dongan administration, 93

Duke of York as proprietor of, 72

Dutch culture on, 136

in 1830s, 583

explorations of, 11, 14

and fall of New York, 240-41

farming on, 122-23

ferry from, 1058

first distillery on, 33

geological history of, 4

Germans on, 773

Huguenots on, 102

Indians on, 5, 38, 39, 68, 69

land on, 93

manufacturing on, 661-62

in mid-nineteenth century, 661-62, 737, 773, 774, 854

Minuit buys, 24

and Panic of 1837, 612

patroonships on, 28

poor on, 193

in proprietary New York, 80-81

religion on, 105

sale of confiscated Tory property on, 282

semaphore poles on, 440

settlement of, 36

slavery on, 122-23, 248

Tories on, 227, 233, 282. See also Richmond

States-General: and Anglo-Dutch relations, 39, 40, 67, 73, 74

and colonization of New Netherland, 30

and control of New Netherland, 62-63

English swear oath to, 37

give New Orange to English, 83

as governing body of Netherlands, 15

and Spanish-Dutch relations, 40

and Stuyvesant, 62, 68, 73-74

and surrender of New Netherland, 73, 74

trading companies created by, 17, 19

and West India Company, 62, 63

Stats Herbergh. See City Tavern

Statue of Liberty, 1033-34, 1037, 1050-51, 1062, 1066, 1115, 1153, 1189

Steam engines, 932, 937, 1068

Steam pipes, 1052–53

Steam power, 441-43

Steamboats, 341-43, 432-35, 440, 449, 450, 454, 649, 655, 879, 1059

Steamships, 649-50, 876

Steel industry, 1218

Steinway Hall, 962, 985, 1060, 1130

Steinway and Sons, 660, 741, 938, 947, 967, 1013

Stern Brothers, 945

Steuben Hall, 851

Steuben House, 870

Stevens House, 971

Stewart’s Department Store, 1088

Stock Exchange Office, 310

Stock exchanges, 969

Stocks: auction system for, 310-11, 899

for Brooklyn Bridge, 935

and Civil War, 877, 899

in colonial New York, 170

cornering of, 569

and “curb brokers” 899

in 1830s, 567-69

Evening Exchange for, 899

in late nineteenth century, 1022, 1038, 1041-43

manipulation of, 899-900

in mid-nineteenth century, 675

and Panic of 1837, 612-13

and Panic of 1893, 1185

in post-revolutionary New York, 310-12

speculation in, 316, 567-69, 1042

watering of, 658, 1056, 1069. See also Brokerage firms

Financiers

New York Stock Exchange

type of stack

Stockyards, 389, 930

Stone Street, 33, 43, 50, 54, 171, 241, 363, 576

Stone workers, 448, 515, 519, 605

Stonington, Connecticut, 107

Stono, South Carolina, 159

Strand (concert saloon), 957

Strand. See Pearl Street

Streetcars, 1137

Street cleaning, 184, 360, 787, 826, 832, 1194-96

Street Cleaning Department, 1194

Street Commission, 360, 419

Street Committee, 579

Street Department, 368

Strefet Improvements Department, 1232

Street lighting, 111, 185, 213, 439, 826, 931

Street railroads: in late nineteenth century, 1011, 1053-58, 1068, 1095-96, 1100

in mid-nineteenth century, 825, 826, 832

and Tammany, 825, 826

and toppling of Tweed, 1011. See also Elevated railroads

Rapid transit system

Transportation

Streetcorner vendors, 1122-23

Streets and roads: in Brooklyn, 934

and city development, 931, 949

and city-state relations, 837

in colonial New York, 110, 184

in early nineteenth century, 412, 419-20

in 1830s, 576, 579

in late nineteenth century, 930, 931, 934, 949, 1011

in mid-nineteenth century, 827, 837, 848

and “Montgomerie Charter,” 139

in New Amsterdam, 43

in proprietary New York, 85

in 1790s and early 1800s, 360, 363-64, 368

and Tammany, 826, 827

and toppling of Tweed, 1011. See also specific street

Strikes: of 1877, 1090, 1092, 1105

by bakers, 163

and blacks as strikebreakers, 854, 862, 884, 992

in Brooklyn, 1202

of Brooklyn Bridge workers, 936

bycartmen, 93

during civil War, 874, 884, 901

in colonial New York, 163

and Crash of 1873, 1027, 1035-38

in early nineteenth century, 414, 516-17, 522

and eight-hour work day, 1012-13

in 1830s, 603, 604, 605, 606

and feminism, 989

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