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and health, 1198

in late nineteenth century, 930, 931, 1108, 1228-29, 1230

for Long Island, 837

in mid-nineteenth century, 625-28, 827, 837

in proprietary New York, 85

in revolutionary New York, 229

in 1790s and early 1800s, 360-62, 368

and Tammany, 827. See also Crotnn water supply/aqueduct

Waterfront: and city development, 930, 949-50

during Civil War, 884, 893, 903, 904

in colonial New York, 159, 184

and Consolidation, 1220, 1222–23, 1224, 1227–28

corporate ownership of, 138-39

corruption on, 949

Desbrosses Street, 904

development/expansion of, 85, 435-36, 653-54, 822, 1101

and draft riot, 893

in early nineteenth century, 338-39 435-36, 451

East River, 85, 653, 654, 933, 949, 950, 1006, 1220

in 1830s, 605, 606

fire on, 159

in Fourth Ward, 1127

and freight terminals, 944

Hudson River, 884, 903

in late nineteenth century, 930, 933 944, 949-50, 1011

McClellan plan for, 950

in mid-nineteenth century, 653-54, 774, 822, 832, 835, 848

in revolutionary New York, 223

strikes on, 605, 606

and toppling of Tweed, 1011. See also Longshoremen

Watson Tobacco Factory, 884

Waverly Place, 701, 960

Wayfarer’s Lodge, 1188

Wealth: and British colonial policy, 196

and British occupation of New York, 251–52

and city development, 930, 931

and Civil War, 867, 877-79, 903

in colonial New York, 122, 125, 144-46, 172-74, 177, 188, 193-04, 196

and Crash of 1873, 1028

in early nineteenth century, 351, 455

and elections of 1886, 1106

and ethnicity, 1078

and history of New York, 1083

in late nineteenth century, 930, 931, 951-52, 959-63, 1028, 1078, 1083, 1106

and Lincoln’s visit, 867

and loyalism, 220

in mid-nineteenth century, 712–15, 720-26

middle class attitudes about, 973

and party politics, 219

in post-revolutionary New York, 306

in proprietary New York, 79, 87-88

in revolutionary New York, 219, 220

and social life, 951-52, 959-63

taxes on, 1028

and trade, 122. See also Elites; Estates; Mansions; Patroonships

Weapons: outlawing of concealed, 111

Webb and Bell yard, 936

Weehawken, New Jersey: Hamilton-Burr duel in, 331-32

Weekly Journal (Zenger newspaper), 152, 153-55, 163, 180

Weeksville, 639, 854, 855, 897, 993

Weights and measures, 46-47, 141, 290

Welfare: and Consolidation, 1236

in late nineteenth century, 1029, 1158-62

in mid-nineteenth century, 850

and morality, 1158-62

and Panic of 1857, 850. See also Charity; Outdoor relief; Poor relief

Wells Fargo, 967

Wesley Chapel (John Street), 208, 398

West: in early nineteenth century, 429, 445

and events leading to Civil War, 852-54

financing development of, 569-71

internal improvements in, 445

literature about, 996

in mid-nineteenth century, 852-54

paintings of, 963

railroads in, 1041

settlement of, 429

West Battery, 423

West Brighton, 1132-38, 1141

West End, 1132, 1159

West End Avenue, 241, 1080, 1200. See also Eleventh Avenue

West Farms, 1220

West Hills, Long Island, 705

West India Company: abandons trade monopoly in New Netherland, 47

and Anglo-Dutch relations, 71, 72, 73-74

and Charter of Liberties, 28

charter of, 63

confiscation of property of, 78

decline of, 40, 48, 71

and defense of New Netherland borders, 35

and Duke of York as proprietor of New Netherland, 73

and Dutch independence, 48

employees of, 48, 49, 51, 53, 58

and English settlements, 67

expansion of, 20

formation of, 17-20

gives up New Netherland, 74

and Jews, 133

and land issues, 35

long-range expectations for colony by, 21-22

and New Sweden, 68

and patroonships, 28-29

purpose and powers of, 19-20, 57

and religion, 59, 60, 61

and settling of New Amsterdam, 24-26, 29-30, 41, 49, 70

and slavery, 28, 32-33, 48-9, 55-56, 71, 126, 149

and States General, 62, 63

and taxes, 65, 66. See New Amsterdam; New Netherland; specific person

West Indies: Africans banished to, 163

blacks in, 367

and British colonial policy, 195

disease in,