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and economy of New York, 122-26

exportation of slaves to, 349

and immigrants, 131, 132, 133, 347, 1112

jails in, 315

Jews in, 133, 134

planters in, 119, 159, 171

population in, 120

revolution in, 344

slavery in, 120, 126, 128-29, 147, 165. See also British West Indies; Caribbean; French West Indies; West India Company

West Indies trade

specific island or commodity

West Indies trade: as basis of New York economy, 122-26, 205

and British colonial policy, 196

Dutch involvement in, 135

in early nineteenth century, 333, 334, 344, 349, 429

expansion of, 170

and exports from New York, 120, 122-23, 138

and industrial revolution, 170

and Middle Colonies, 120

and “Montgomerie Charter,” 138

and New England, 120

as off-limits to Americans, 279

in post-revolutionary New York, 265, 279

and recession in colonial New York, 150

and regulation of trade, 290

and resistance to British policies, 205

and slave trade, 120, 126

and Spanish embargo on New York exports, 116

and triangular trade, 119-20, 122

West New Brighton, 442-43

West Point, 271, 423

West Side: and Civil War, 883, 889, 890, 893

in early nineteenth century, 339

elevated on, 1054

in late nineteenth century, 991, 1011, 1023, 1054, 1079, 1080, 1089

in mid-nineteenth century, 788, 931-32, 944, 945, 950, 965

railroads on, 895

in 1790s and early 1800s, 372

Upper, 1054, 1079, 1108, 1194, 1207

West Side Association (WSA), 929, 1009, 1079

West Street, 339, 653, 655, 874, 945, 949

West Village, 970

West Ward, 92, 187

Westchesten and Anglo-Dutch relations, 72

blacks in, 287

and British occupation of New York, 246, 247, 254

and Consolidation, 1220, 1227, 1232

Continental forces in, 271

cooperative in, 772

in early nineteenth century, 469, 506

English settlements in, 72

estates in, 105, 178

farming in, 122-23, 203

and Fletcher’s administration, 103-4

Indians in, 5, 39, 86

in mid-nineteenth century, 625, 656, 718, 745, 751, 772, 838

Neutral Zone in, 271

politics in, 152, 155-56

population of, 128

in post-revolutionary New York, 282, 287

in proprietary New York, 80-81

protests in, 203

and public works, 184

rail lines to, 656

and ratification of Constitution, 291, 293

rebel activity in, 246

sale of confiscated Tory property in, 282

in 1790s and early 1800s, 364

slavery in, 122–23, 128, 248

Tories in, 246, 254. See also specific family or estate

Westchester Avenue, 661

Westchester Creek, 242

Western New York: development of, 334-36

Western Union, 675, 967, 1023, 1052, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1064, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1090, 1164

Western Union Building, 942-43, 1050

Westinghouse, 1070

Westminster Kennel Club Show, 1147, 1148

Wharves. See Waterfront

Wheat, 391, 429, 431, 433, 616, 842, 851, 873, 1210, 1218

Whieldon’s dancing school, 702

Whig Society, 267

Whigs: and adult education, 781

and American Revolution, 233

and Assembly, 280

in Britain, 94, 95-96, 99, 111-12, 113-14, 115, 116, 151, 152, 233

and British occupation of New York, 249, 250-51, 254, 257

in Chamber of Commerce, 277

and city-state relations, 836

as Clinton supporters, 257

in colonial New York, 181, 201

and Democratic Society, 319

Democrats alliance with, 853

in early nineteenth century, 319

in 1830s, 561, 573-75, 608-9, 614-15

and elections of 1834, 573-75

and events leading to Civil War, 853, 861

and financing state debt, 280

and Glorious Revolution, 95-96

and Hanoverians, 116

headquarters of, 822

and Kidd, 113-14

as Knickerbockers, 686

and literature, 685

in mid-nineteenth century, 621-23, 624-25, 630, 631, 632, 633, 635, 641, 679, 686, 764, 768, 781, 790, 791, 822, 823, 824, 829, 832, 836, 853, 860, 861

and morality, 269

and municipal government powers, 268

and newspapers, 641, 679

and party politics, 822

in post-revolutionary New York, 257, 266, 268, 269, 273, 274-75, 277, 278, 280, 281-82, 283, 285

and Queen Anne’s War, 116

and ratification