Gulag_ A History - Anne Applebaum [366]
13. Nikolai Morozov told me this story. Komi Memorial has interviewed the inhabitants of Sedvozh, looking for oral evidence, but has found only one man who has heard the whole story, second-hand. Lyuba Vinogradova found the reference to the Scotsmen at RGVA, but the document itself was missing. RGVA was not willing to provide further information.
14. Bacon, p. 24.
15. Nicolas Werth, “Apogee and Crisis in the Gulag System,” in Courtois, pp. 235–39.
16. Ivanova, Labor Camp Socialism, p. 55–56.
17. E. Ginzburg, Within the Whirlwind, p. 283.
18. Ibid., pp. 290–91.
19. Ibid., p. 291.
20. Adamova-Sliozberg, p. 71.
21. Razgon, p. 220.
22. Ivanova, Labor Camp Socialism, pp. 55–56.
23. Ibid., p. 56.
24. Kokurin and Morukov, “Gulag: struktura i kadry,” (part 14), Svobodnaya Mysl, no. 11, November 2000.
25. Kuts, p. 195.
26. Bulgakov, interview with the author.
27. Kuts, p. 165.
28. Pechora, interview with the author.
29. Ivanova, Labor Camp Socialism, p. 61.
30. Kokurin and Petrov, Gulag, pp. 555–57; Kokurin, “Vosstanie v Steplage.”
31. Kokurin, “Vosstanie v Steplage”; Ivanova, Labor Camp Socialism, p. 55.
32. Abramkin and Chesnokova, p. 10.
33. GARF, 9401/1a/270.
34. E. Ginzburg, Within the Whirlwind, p. 103.
35. Abramkin and Chesnokova, pp. 10–11.
36. Zhigulin, pp. 135–37.
37. Buca, pp. 59–61.
38. Georgy Feldgun, unpublished memoir.
39. Sitko, interview with the author.
40. Zhigulin, pp. 135–37.
41. GARF, 9401/1/4240.
42. See, for example, Ilya Golts, “Vorkuta,” in Minuvshee, vol. 7, 1992, pp. 317–55.
43. Craveri and Khlevnyuk.
44. Ivanova, “Poslevoennye repressii.”
45. Kokurin and Morukov.
46. Craveri and Khlevnyuk, p. 186.
47. Ivanova, Labor Camp Socialism, p. 125.
48. Ivanova, “Poslevoennye repressii,” p. 272.
49. Craveri and Khlevnyuk, p. 183.
50. Craveri.
51. Nicolas Werth, “Apogee and Crisis in the Gulag System,” in Courtois, pp. 239–40.
52. Craveri and Khlevnyuk, p. 183.
53. Ivanova, Labor Camp Socialism, p. 125.
54. See, for example, Klein, Ulybki nevoli, p. 61.
55. Berdinskikh, p. 56.
56. Craveri and Khlevnyuk, p. 185.
57. Ibid., p. 186.
58. Knight, Beria, pp. 160–69.
59. Naumov and Rubinstein, pp. 61–62.
60. Ibid., p. 62.
61. Adamova-Sliozberg, p. 79.
62. Filshtinsky, p. 114.
23: The Death of Stalin
1. Quoted in Conquest, Stalin, p. 312.
2. Aleksandrovich, p. 57.
3. Ulyanovskaya, p. 280.
4. Andreeva, interview with the author.
5. E. Ginzburg, Within the Whirlwind, p. 357.
6. Negretov, interview with the author.
7. Stajner, p. 358.
8. Berdinskikh, p. 204.
9. E. Ginzburg, Within the Whirlwind, p. 360.
10. Aleksandrovich, p. 57.
11. Adamova-Sliozberg, p. 80.
12. Roeder, p. 195.
13. Vasileeva, interview with the author.
14. Khrushchev, vol. I, pp. 322–23.
15. E. Ginzburg, Within the Whirlwind, p. 357.
16. Knight, Beria, p. 185.
17. Ivanova, Labor Camp Socialism, p. 124.
18. Naumov and Sigachev, pp. 19–21 (APRF, 3/52/100).
19. Knight, Beria, p. 185.
20. Ibid.
21. Naumov and Sigachev, pp. 28–29 (GARF, 9401/1/1299).
22. Knight, Beria, pp. 188–94.
23. Ivanova, Labor Camp Socialism, p. 124.
24. For analyses of Beria’s motives, see Khlevnyuk, “L. P. Beriya”; Pikhoya, Sovetskii Soyuz, p. xxx; Knight, Beria, pp. 176–200.
25. Knight, ibid., pp. 194–224.
26. Dolgun, p. 261.
27. Alexandrovich, p. 57.
28. Zorin, interview with the author.
29. Filshtinsky, interview with the author.
30. Armonas, pp. 153–60.
31. Pechora, interview with the author.
32. Trus, interview with the author.
33. Usakova, interview with the author.
34. Zorin, interview with the author.
35. Khachatryan, interview with the author.
36. GARF document, order from September 3, 1955, in the collection of the author.
37. Bulgakov, interview with the author; Ilya Golts, “Vorkuta,” in Minuvshee, vol. 7, 1992, p. 334.
24: The Zeks’ Revolution
1. Anna Barkova, “In the Prison Camp Barracks,” quoted in Vilensky, Dodnes tyagoteet, p. 341.
2. See, for example, E. Ginzburg, Within the Whirlwind, pp.