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Alexander ("the Great") of Macedonia, 63

Allee, W. C., 5455, 58

Altruism: among nonhuman animals, 31

Angler fish: degenerate males of, 72

Ani(s):

cooperative breeding of, 75

Groove-billed, Crotophaga sulcirostris: reciprocal preening of, 66;

resting in contact, 64

Animals:

contrasting modes of behavior of, 3436;

cooperation among, 9296;

diagram of nature of, 4750;

domestication of, 9293;

effects of carnivory upon, 4647;

exploitation of animals by, 8890;

exploitation of plants by, 8588;

hunger and fear cause hostility among, 3738;

origins of strife among, 4144;

recognize moods of other, 37;

services to plants of, 9192;

sexual rivalry as cause of strife among, 4447;

strange companionships of, 39;

twofold nature of, 33

Anthropomorphism, 131;

anatomical, 132;

psychic, 13234

Ants:

internal amity and external enmity of, 3536;

leaf-cutting or agricultural, 186;

social bonds of, 70

Antwren, White-flanked, Myrmotherula-axillaris:

female feeds male of, 69

Apes:

learning by, 171

Aracari, Fiery-billed, Pteroglossus frantzii, 69

Aristotle, 38, 134, 137, 139, 150, 185

Arrian, 63

Aspidontus taeniatus, 68

Atoms:

feeling in, 142;

sociality of, 14042

Auk, Great, Pinguinus impennis, 38

Page 210

B

Babbler, Arabian, Turdoides squamiceps, 49

Jungle, T. striatus, 49, 63

Baboons, 66, 77

Bacteria: nitrogen-fixing, 90

Bantu peoples, 181

Barbaric magnificence and barbarous ideals, 18286

Barbet, Prong-billed, Semnornis frantzii:

sleeping in cavity, 71

Bee-eater, Blue-tailed, Merops superciliosus, 65

Ornate, M. ornatus: sleeping in contact, 65

Bees, 15556

Belt, Thomas, 188

Biocompatibility (compatible biodiversity):

as aim of conservation, 155;

benefits of supporting, 160;

compared with biodiversity, 15960;

compatible associations, 15557;

as an ideal, 161

Biodiversity:

as aim of conservation, 152;

desirable limits of, 153;

excess of, 15253

Birds:

communal roosts of, 71;

contrasting behaviors of, 35;

control their populations, 15859;

cooperation by hatching chicks of, 76;

cooperative breeding of, 93;

as dispersers of seeds, 91;

feed ailing companions, 69;

feed mates, 69;

mixed species flocks of, 6869;

as pests, 159

Birds of Paradise, 28

Blackbird, Eurasian, Turdus merula, 91

Bladderwort(s), 11728

Greater, Utricularia vulgaris: discovery of its secret, 12426;

growth of, 128;

prey of, 128;

structure and operation of, 11829; 120, 121, 122, 123

Booby, Brown, Sula leucogaster, 69

Bourlière, François, 57

Bower-bird, Satin, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus:

destroys neighbors' bowers, 18890, 189

Breasted, James Henry, 187

Brocher, Frank, 12425

Brown, Jerram L., 76

Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus:

social relations of, 61

Bühler, Karl, 176

Burkhardt, E. D., M. Porter, J. Browne, and M. Richmond, 150

Busgen, M., 128

Bush-tit, Psaltriparus minimus:

cooperative breeding of, 76

Butterfly: Peacock, 58

Small Tortoiseshell, 58

Butterwort(s):

activity of glandular leaves of, 11617

Common, 118

Byblis gigantea, 110

C

Canary, Serinus canarius:

social relations of, 61

Capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus, 27

Capybara, Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, 67

Carnivorous plants, 97129;

digestion of prey by, 99, 101, 106

Carnivory:

as cause of strife among animals, 4647

Carpenter, C. R., 77

Caterpillars: massing of, 58

Cecropia tree, Cecropia spp., 81

Cephalotus follicularis, 107108, 107

Cheetah, Acinonyx spp., 38, 89

Childe, Gordon, 183

Chimpanzee, Pan satyrus, destructiveness of, 18788

Chough, White-winged, Corcorax melanorhamphus, 146

Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 190