Hiroshima_ The World's Bomb - Andrew J. Rotter [196]
27. Boyle, Trenchard, 354, 365-9; Boog, ‘Harris: A German View’, p. xl.
28. Boyle, Trenchard, 369, 388-91; Saward, Bomber Harris, 24-31; Sir Arthur Harris, Bomber Offensive (New York: Macmillan, 1947), 19-23; Priya Satia, ‘The Defense of Inhumanity: Air Control and the British Idea of Arabia’, American Historical Review, 111 /1 (Feb. 2006), 16-51.
29. Messenger, ‘Bomber’ Harris, 8; Saward, Bomber Harris, 3, 8-11; Harris, Bomber Offensive, 16.
30. Saward, Bomber Harris, 16, 21, 24-31; Harris, Bomber Offensive, 18-23.
31. Documents accessed at http://en.wikipedia.org/Wiki/Terror_bombing, 11 Nov. 2005.
32. Saward, Bomber Harris, 58-61, 67; Harris, Bomber Offensive, 23-31.
33. Messenger, ‘Bomber’ Harris, 26; Neillands, Bomber War, 31, 35.
34. Sherry, Rise of American Air Power, 93; Neillands, Bomber War, 44, 52-4.
35. Harris, Bomber Offensive, 33; Messenger, ‘Bomber’ Harris, 41-2, 47-8; Harris, Despatch on War Operations, 7; Ronald Schaffer, Wings of Judgment: American Bombing in World War II (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 36.
36. Schaffer, Wings of Judgment, 107-9; http://www.ww2guide.com/bombs. shtml#bombs, accessed 15 Nov. 2005.
37. This account of the discovery of fission draws on Laura Fermi, Atoms in the Family: My Life with Enrico Fermi (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954), 97-104; Rhodes, Making of the Atomic Bomb, 233-75; Jungk, Brighter than a Thousand Suns, 59-70; Gowing, Britain and Atomic Energy, 21-8.
38. Szilard to Strauss, 25 Jan. 1939, in Cantelon, Hewlett, and Williams, The American Atom, 8 -9.
39. Harold Nicolson, Public Faces (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1933).
40. Margaret Gowing, Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945— 1952, i. Policy Making (London: Macmillan, 1974), 1.
chapter three: Japan and Germany: paths not taken
1. Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986), 118; Robert D. Nininger, Minerals for Atomic Energy: A Guide to Exploration for Uranium, Thorium, and Beryllium (New York: D. Van Nostrand and Co., 1954), 44—6; Martin Lynch, Mining in World History (London: Reak-tion Books, 2002), 22, 40.
2. Thomas Powers, Heisenberg’s War: The Secret History of the German Bomb (New York: Knopf, 1993), 10; David Irving, The German Atomic Bomb: The History of Nuclear Research in Nazi Germany (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1967), 34—7, 50—5. In the light of what Irving has become—a Nazi apologist and Holocaust denier jailed in Austria in early 2006—it is a bit worrisome to rely, as I have done, on this book. Most scholars of the German bomb nevertheless consider it to be based on sound scholarship.
3. Nininger, Minerals, 43—4; Lennard Bickel, The Deadly Element: The Story of Uranium (New York: Stein and Day, 1979), 48—51, 53.
4. Lynch, Mining, 288—9; Bickel, Deadly Element, 56—8.
5. Robert Jungk, Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists, trans. James Cleugh (San Diego: Harcourt, 1958), 107—8.
6. Ronald W Clark, The Greatest Power on Earth: The International Race for Nuclear Supremacy (New York: Harper and Row, 1980), 58—60.
7. Arthur Holly Compton, Atomic Quest: A Personal Narrative (New York: Oxford University Press, 1956), 96—7; Peter Wyden, Day One: Before Hiroshima and After (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), 57—8.
8. The novelist Robert Wilcox claims, in Japan’s Secret War, that the Japanese did indeed find uranium in occupied northern Korea, and used it to make an atomic weapon, which they tested successfully on 10 Aug. 1945. The bomb obviously came too late to reverse Japanese fortunes. What evidence of the program they could not destroy fell into Soviet hands. North Korea does have uranium, though its quality is unknown and most sources suggest that it was not discovered until 1964. See, but do not take seriously, Robert K. Wilcox, Japan’s Secret War (New York: William Morrow, 1985).
9. Wyden, Day One, 86; John W. Dower, ‘ “NI” and “F”: Japan’s Wartime Atomic Bomb Research’, in John W Dower,