Hiroshima_ The World's Bomb - Andrew J. Rotter [206]
28. Osada, Children of Hiroshima, 179—80; Ogura, Letters, 65, 67; Hersey, Hiroshima, 54; PWRS, The Day Man Lost, 275.
29. USSBS, Effects of Atomic Bombs, 6; Ogura, Letters, 71, 142—3; Lifton, Death in Life, 58-9.
30. Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary, passim; Wyden, Day One, 273.
31. Cook and Cook, Japan at War, 387—91.
32. Osada, Children of Hiroshima, 127—30.
33. Wyden, Day One, 279—81.
34. Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary, 3, 52; Lifton, Death in Life, 50—3; Ogura, Letters, 10—11; Selden and Selden, Atomic Bomb, pp. xx—xxi.
35. Lifton, Death in Life, 28, 31; Ogura, Letters, 41, 54. There were exceptions to this emotional numbness: see Katsuzo Oda, ‘Human Ashes’, in Kenzaburo Oe, ed., The Crazy Iris and Other Stories of the Atomic Aftermath (New York: Grove Press, 1995), 71—2.
36. Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects, 106—7.
37. Hersey, Hiroshima, 30; Wyden, Day One, 253, 267; Ogura, Letters, 148—9.
38. Michael S. Sherry, The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987), 344; Lifton, Death in Life, 22—; Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary, 114—15, 208.
39. Hersey, Hiroshima, 91; Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects, 86.
40. Knebel and Bailey, No High Ground, 188—93, 198—9; Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy, 184; Frank, Downfall, 268—9. In his diary that day, however, Anami acknowledged the likelihood that an atomic bomb had been used on Hiroshima.
41. Knebel and Bailey, No High Ground; Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy, 185; Frank, Downfall, 271—2.
42. Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy, 185—6; Frank, Downfall, 271—2; Bix, Hirohito, 502— 3; Leon V Sigal, Fighting to a Finish: The Politics of War Termination in the United States and Japan, 1945 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988), 225.
43. Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy, 189—91, 195—6; David Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939—1956 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), 127—8.
44. Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy, 197—201, 203—4; Frank, Downfall, 288—91; Bix, Hirohito, 512; Sigal, Fighting to a Finish, 226—7.
45. Frank, Downfall, 284; Sweeney, War’s End, 179, 185—9, 200; Russ, Project Alberta, 68.
46. Frank, Downfall, 284—7; Sweeney, War’s End, 203—26; John W Dower, War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific Wjr (New York: Pantheon, 1986), 298; Rhodes, Making of the Atomic Bomb, 739—42; Ramsey, ‘August 1945’, 35; Terai Sumie, ‘White Nagasaki: A Haiku Sequence’, in Lequita Vance-Watkins and Aratani Mariko, eds. and trans., White Flash, Black Rain: Women of Japan Relive the Bomb (Minneapolis, MN: Milkweed Editions, 1995), 13.
47. This account of the Japanese debate over the terms of surrender is based on Robert J. C. Butow, Japan’s Decision to Surrender (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1954), 166—88; Edwin P Hoyt, Hirohito: The Emperor and the Man (New York: Praeger, 1992), 139-45; Bix, Hirohito, 511 -18; Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy, 203—14; Frank, Downfall, 288—96.
48. Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy, 217—27; Frank, Downfall, 300—3; Sigal, Fighting to a Finish, 249—52; Walter LaFeber, The Clash: US—Japanese Relations throughout History (New York: W W Norton, 1997), 252—3; Diary of Henry Wallace, 10 Aug. 1945, in Michael B. Stoff, Jonathan F Fanton, and R. Hal Williams, The Manhattan Project: A Documentary Introduction to the Atomic Age (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991), 245.
49. This account of the Japanese decision to surrender is based on Butow, Japan's Decision to Surrender, 189—227; Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy, 227—51; Frank, Downfall, 308—21; Bix, Hirohito, 519—28; Dower, War without Mercy, 300—1; Sigal, Fighting to a Finish, 252—81; Robert Guillain, I Saw Tokyo Burning: An Eyewitness Narrative from Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima, trans. William Byron (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981), 257—69.
50. Frank claims that the Emperor also made explicit reference to the atomic bomb at this meeting. Hasegawa is