Hiroshima_ The World's Bomb - Andrew J. Rotter [212]
I am grateful to Daniel Bertrand Monk for the story of the Davidka mortar.
7. Sources on the South African nuclear program include J. D. L. Moore, South Africa and Nuclear Proliferation: South Africa’s Nuclear Capabilities and Intentions in the Context of International Non-Proliferation Policies (New York: St Martin’s, 1987); Barbara Rogers and Zdenek Cervenka, The Nuclear Axis: Secret Collaboration between West Germany and South Africa (New York: Times Books, 1978); Waldo Stumpf, ‘Birth and Death of the South African Nuclear Weapons Programme’, http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/rsa/nuke/stumpf.htm, accessed 19 Dec. 2006; David Albright, ‘South Africa and the Affordable Bomb’, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 50/4 (July—Aug. 1994), 37— 47; id., ‘South Africa’s Nuclear Weapons Program’, 14 Mar. 2001, http://web.mit.edu/seminars/wed_archives_01spring/albright.htm, accessed
19 Dec. 2006; Thomas B. Cochran, ‘Highly Enriched Uranium Production for South African Nuclear Weapons’, Science and Global Security, 4 (1994), 161—76.
8. This section is based principally on John Wilson Lewis and Xue Litai, China Builds the Bomb (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1988). For specialized subjects, see also Ming Zhang, China’s Changing Nuclear Posture: Reactions to the South Asian Nuclear Tests (Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1999), 2—7; Rana Mitter, A Bitter Revolution: China’s Struggle with the Modern World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 194—8; Divine, Eisenhower and the Cold War, 55—66; William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and his Era (New York: W W Norton, 2003), 391-2; Mark Oliphant, ‘Over Pots of Tea: Excerpts from a Diary of a Visit to China’, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 22/5 (May 1966), 36-43.
9. This section relies heavily on George Perkovich, India’s Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999). See also Itty Abraham, The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Security, and the Postcolonial State (London: Zed Books, 1998); Karsten Frey, India’s Nuclear Bomb and National Security (London: Routledge,
2006); Pratap Bhanu Mehta, ‘India: The Nuclear Politics of Self-Esteem’, Current History (Dec. 1998), 403—6; Andrew J. Rotter, Comrades at Odds: The United States and India, 1947—1964 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000), 287—90; Ashok Kapur, India’s Nuclear Option: Atomic Diplomacy and Decision Making (New York: Praeger, 1976); Spencer R. Weart, Nuclear Fear: A History of Images (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), 211.
10. Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (New York: Basic Books, 1977), 263; Lansing Lamont, Day of Trinity (New York: Atheneum, 1965), 225—30; Jungk, Brighter than a Thousand Suns, 288; Gregg Herken, Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller (New York: Henry Holt,
2002), 151; Boyer, Bomb’s Early Light, 219; Dwight Macdonald, ‘The Decline to Barbarism’, in Kai Bird and Lawrence Lifschultz, eds., Hiroshima’s Shadow: Writings on the Denial of History and the Smithsonian Controversy (Stony Creek, CT: Pamphleteer’s Press, 1998), 264.
11. Lawrence S. Wittner, The Struggle against the Bomb, i. One World or None: A History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement through 1953 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1993), 82, 105; P M. S. Blackett, ‘The Decision to Use the Bombs’, in Bird and Lifschultz, Hiroshima’s Shadow, 78—89; The Collected Philosophical Papers of G. E. M. Anscombe, iii. Ethics, Religion, and Politics (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1981), 58-65; Wilfred Burchett, ‘The First