History of Western Philosophy - Bertrand Russell [483]
inequality:
Aristotle 171–2, 177, 184;
Rousseau, J. J. 626
inertia, law of 489, 490
infanticide 100, 101, 106, 114
inference:
Aristotle 188–9, 191–2;
Berkeley, G. 596–8;
Hume, D. 604–12;
Plato 155
infinite numbers 739
infinitesimal calculus 532, 738
Inge, Dean 53, 112, 269–70, 273
innate ideas 255–6
Innocent III, Pope 409–10, 411, 441, 442;
Albigenses 415;
Domincan Order 417;
Francis, St 416
Innocent IV, Pope 412
Innocent VIII, Pope 463
inquiry, Dewey, J. 730, 733–6
Inquisition 415;
Copernicus and Galileo 485;
Domincan Order 417;
Franciscans 416;
Galileo 492;
Jesuits 483
instinct:
Bergson, H. 716, 722
instrumentalism 707, 723, 731
intellect:
Aquinas, St Thomas 423;
Bacon, R. 430;
Bergson, H. 716–20, 722;
Plato 125–7, 143, 145;
Plotinus 273;
soul 423, 430, 437;
Spinoza, B. de 524–8;
William of Occam 437;
see also nous
international government 510, 582, 645–6, 670–1
intuition 716, 720
Iona, monastery of 350
Ionia 19, 20;
Anaxagoras 68, 69;
Heraclitus 48;
Homer 23;
Milesian school 33–7;
Persians 65, 85;
religion 32;
Sparta 106;
Xenophanes 47
Ireland 358, 374–6, 379
Irene, Empress 364, 367
irrational numbers 201–2
Isaiah 295
Ishtar 16, 293
Islam 390–7;
Alexander 214;
Eastern Empire 261;
end of Dark Ages 372;
Gnosticism 306;
Judaism 303–4;
Maccabee revolt 298;
Sicily 411;
spread of Hellenism 267–8;
Western Dark Ages 372
Israelites 292–6
Italy:
barbarian invasion 341–2, 344;
Charlemagne 366;
Counter-Reformation 481–2;
Donation of Constantine 365–6;
Greek colonies 19, 37, 39, 65, 120;
Jesuits 483;
Justinian reconquest 348;
Lombards 348, 363–4;
Mohammedan conquest 390;
papacy 399, 441;
Pythagoras 39;
Reformation 7, 481–2;
Renaissance 6, 455, 457–64, 484;
Saracens 371
James I, King of England 497–8
James II, King of England 549–50, 565
James, Montague 375
James, St 305
James of Venice 408
James, William 123–4, 309, 714, 723–9
Jansenism, Augustine, St 315, 323
Japan 115, 565
Jeans, Sir James 45
Jerome, St 313, 314, 319–22;
Augustine, St 336;
Erasmus 473;
letters 316;
monastic movement 350, 351;
Old Testament translation 303;
Origen 308
Jerusalem:
Antiochus IV 296–7;
Babylonian conquest 292;
early history of Jews 296, 297–8, 302;
Frederick II as King of 411–12
Jesuits 482–3, 485, 511, 512
Jews:
Crusades 399, 403;
Hellenism 215, 218;
Nietzsche, F. W. 690;
religious development of 291–304;
Roman Empire 318;
Spain 391, 397;
usury 181;
see also anti-Semitism;
Judaism
Joachim of Flora 407
John, King of England 410
John XI, Pope 371
John XII, Pope 371
John XXII, Pope 416, 432, 443
John XXIII, Pope 444–5
John of Gaunt 443, 446–7
John Hyrcanus 301
John of Salisbury 405, 407–8
John the Scot (Johannes Scotus) 287, 369, 374–9, 388, 389
John, St, mysticism 307
Jordan of Saxony 417
Judaism 291–304;
Christianity as reformed version of 305;
elements of Christianity 440;
eschatology 338;
Greeks 34;
sin 323–4;
Spinoza, B. de 521;
see also anti-Semitism;
Jews
Judas Maccabæus 297
judgment, Plato 151–2
judiciary, Locke, J. 579, 580–1
Julian the Apostate 276, 313, 314, 316
Julius II, Pope 460, 471, 476, 688
Julius Caesar 467
justice: Anaximander 35;
Aristotle 169–70, 172, 177, 184;
dialectic 98;
Epicurus 233;
Locke, J. 561;
Plato 111, 115–20
Justin, Emperor 344
Justina, Empress 315, 317
Justinian, Emperor 67, 263, 313, 344, 347–8, 354, 359
Kant, Immanuel 637–51;
British philosophy 698;
Descartes, R. 583, 584;
empiricism 585;
equality 177;
ethics 586;
Hegel, G. W. F. 661;
Hume, D. 600, 611;
influence of 584, 661;
mathematics 45, 739–40;
proofs of the existence of God 388, 535, 536–7;
Prussian influence 654;
Schopenhauer, A. 682–3;
Stoicism 244, 255;
subjectivism 455;
syllogisms 191;
theory of time 331
Kepler, Johannes 454, 484, 487–9;
Aristotle 198;
Bacon, F. 500;
elliptical motion 203;
Galileo 491;
Hobbes, T. 502, 504
Kindi 393
Knossos 18, 228
knowing:
James, W. 724–5
knowledge:
Aquinas, St Thomas 422, 423–4;
Augustine, St 334;
Bacon, F. 498;
Berkeley, G. 596–8;
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